HLTH 501 BIOSTATISTICS COMPREHENSIVE
REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ True or False? The data collected in a biostatistics study can be
applied to any population regardless of race, class, and
socioeconomic status. Answer: False
◉ Which is the most important factor in determining which
populations a well-designed study's results can be applied to?
Answer: The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study
◉ True or False? A relative risk of 5.67 indicates that the group of
individuals in a study exposed to the particular variable of interest
are 5.67 times more likely to experience the observed outcome
being studied. Answer: True
◉ The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician's calculation of a
particular outcome that may result from using a subset of the
population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event occurring in
the population as a whole is referred to by what statistical term?
Answer: A margin of error
,◉ True or False? Oftentimes it is more difficult to establish a
relationship between a particular disease outcome and a risk factor
among older adults because they also have other risk factors for
disease. Answer: True
◉ True or False? Biostatistics is defined as the application of
statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology. Answer:
True
◉ Which of the following most appropriately describes how the data
from a cross-sectional study can be applied to a population? Answer:
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is only applicable to
the original population of interest during the time that the study was
conducted.
◉ True or False? Randomization of clinical trial participants is
important to ensure that clinical trial participants in the treatment
group and comparator group allow the study's results to be
generalized to the population as a whole, and not just the subgroup
of individuals that participated in the study because of the balance
promoted through the randomization process. Answer: False
◉ Researchers have conducted a study and determined that the
relative risk for developing a cold for individuals taking vitamin C is
0.47 when compared to the number of participants in the study who
developed a cold while not taking vitamin C. This is an indication of
which of the following? Answer: This indicates that the individuals
, taking vitamin C were 53% less likely to catch a cold and that taking
vitamin C has a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a
cold.
◉ True or False? Intention-to-treat analysis for a study is only
conducted among individuals who fully complied with a study's
protocols. Answer: False
◉ A researcher is interested in determining the current prevalence
of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Which type of study
would be most useful in estimating the prevalence of rheumatoid
arthritis in the United States? Answer: A cross-sectional survey
◉ True or False? Extremely rare side effects of medications studied
in clinical trials are more likely to be observed in cohort studies
conducted during post marketing-surveillance because of the
limited number of participants in clinical trials. Answer: True
◉ True or False? The application of treatment among participants in
an experimental study is a key difference between an experimental
study and an observational study. Answer: True
◉ Misclassification bias is most likely to be observed in which study
type? Answer: A case-control study
REVIEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
SOLUTIONS
◉ True or False? The data collected in a biostatistics study can be
applied to any population regardless of race, class, and
socioeconomic status. Answer: False
◉ Which is the most important factor in determining which
populations a well-designed study's results can be applied to?
Answer: The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study
◉ True or False? A relative risk of 5.67 indicates that the group of
individuals in a study exposed to the particular variable of interest
are 5.67 times more likely to experience the observed outcome
being studied. Answer: True
◉ The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician's calculation of a
particular outcome that may result from using a subset of the
population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event occurring in
the population as a whole is referred to by what statistical term?
Answer: A margin of error
,◉ True or False? Oftentimes it is more difficult to establish a
relationship between a particular disease outcome and a risk factor
among older adults because they also have other risk factors for
disease. Answer: True
◉ True or False? Biostatistics is defined as the application of
statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology. Answer:
True
◉ Which of the following most appropriately describes how the data
from a cross-sectional study can be applied to a population? Answer:
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is only applicable to
the original population of interest during the time that the study was
conducted.
◉ True or False? Randomization of clinical trial participants is
important to ensure that clinical trial participants in the treatment
group and comparator group allow the study's results to be
generalized to the population as a whole, and not just the subgroup
of individuals that participated in the study because of the balance
promoted through the randomization process. Answer: False
◉ Researchers have conducted a study and determined that the
relative risk for developing a cold for individuals taking vitamin C is
0.47 when compared to the number of participants in the study who
developed a cold while not taking vitamin C. This is an indication of
which of the following? Answer: This indicates that the individuals
, taking vitamin C were 53% less likely to catch a cold and that taking
vitamin C has a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a
cold.
◉ True or False? Intention-to-treat analysis for a study is only
conducted among individuals who fully complied with a study's
protocols. Answer: False
◉ A researcher is interested in determining the current prevalence
of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Which type of study
would be most useful in estimating the prevalence of rheumatoid
arthritis in the United States? Answer: A cross-sectional survey
◉ True or False? Extremely rare side effects of medications studied
in clinical trials are more likely to be observed in cohort studies
conducted during post marketing-surveillance because of the
limited number of participants in clinical trials. Answer: True
◉ True or False? The application of treatment among participants in
an experimental study is a key difference between an experimental
study and an observational study. Answer: True
◉ Misclassification bias is most likely to be observed in which study
type? Answer: A case-control study
