WONG EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
◉ Which vitamin is recommended for all women of childbearing age
to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?
a. A
b. C
c. Niacin
d. Folic acid. Answer: ANS: D
The vitamin supplement that is recommended for all women of
childbearing age is a daily dose of 0.4 mg of folic acid. Folic acid
taken before conception and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of
neural tube defects by 70%. No correlation exists between vitamins
A, C, or folic acid and neural tube defects.
◉ A nurse is assessing a child with kwashiorkor disease. Which
assessment findings should the nurse expect?
a. Thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen
b. Constipation
c. Elevated hemoglobin
,d. High levels of protein. Answer: ANS: A
The child with kwashiorkor has thin, wasted extremities and a
prominent abdomen from edema (ascites). Diarrhea (persistent
diarrhea malnutrition syndrome) not constipation commonly occurs
from a lowered resistance to infection and further complicates the
electrolyte imbalance. Anemia and protein deficiency is a common
finding in malnourished children with kwashiorkor.
◉ A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a
third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6
months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse
expect for this condition?
a. Loose, wrinkled skin
b. Edematous skin
c. Depigmentation of the skin
d. Dermatoses. Answer: ANS: A
Marasmus is characterized by gradual wasting and atrophy of body
tissues, especially of subcutaneous fat. The child appears to be very
old, with loose and wrinkled skin, unlike the child with kwashiorkor,
who appears more rounded from the edema. Fat metabolism is less
impaired than in kwashiorkor; thus, deficiency of fat-soluble
vitamins is usually minimal or absent. In general, the clinical
,manifestations of marasmus are similar to those seen in
kwashiorkor with the following exceptions: With marasmus, there is
no edema from hypoalbuminemia or sodium retention, which
contributes to a severely emaciated appearance; no dermatoses
caused by vitamin deficiencies; little or no depigmentation of hair or
skin; moderately normal fat metabolism and lipid absorption; and a
smaller head size and slower recovery after treatment.
◉ Rickets is caused by a deficiency in:
a. vitamin A.
b. vitamin C.
c. vitamin D and calcium.
d. folic acid and iron.. Answer: ANS: C
Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate
amounts to prevent the development of rickets. No correlation exists
between vitamins A, C, folic acid, or iron and rickets.
◉ A nurse is preparing to administer an oral iron supplement to a
hospitalized infant. Which should not be given simultaneously with
the iron supplement?
a. Milk
, b. Multivitamin
c. Fruit juice
d. Meat, fish, poultry. Answer: ANS: A
Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided
when the iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found
in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many
vegetables. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication
exists to taking the two together. Vitamin C-containing juices
enhance the absorption of iron. Meat, fish, and poultry do not have
an effect on absorption.
◉ Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their
1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin
can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?
a. Niacin
b. B6
c. D
d. C. Answer: ANS: C
Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D presents the greatest problem
because this fat-soluble vitamin is stored in the body. Vitamin D is
the most likely of all vitamins to cause toxic reactions in relatively
small overdoses. The water-soluble vitamins, primarily niacin, B6,
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERS
◉ Which vitamin is recommended for all women of childbearing age
to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?
a. A
b. C
c. Niacin
d. Folic acid. Answer: ANS: D
The vitamin supplement that is recommended for all women of
childbearing age is a daily dose of 0.4 mg of folic acid. Folic acid
taken before conception and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of
neural tube defects by 70%. No correlation exists between vitamins
A, C, or folic acid and neural tube defects.
◉ A nurse is assessing a child with kwashiorkor disease. Which
assessment findings should the nurse expect?
a. Thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen
b. Constipation
c. Elevated hemoglobin
,d. High levels of protein. Answer: ANS: A
The child with kwashiorkor has thin, wasted extremities and a
prominent abdomen from edema (ascites). Diarrhea (persistent
diarrhea malnutrition syndrome) not constipation commonly occurs
from a lowered resistance to infection and further complicates the
electrolyte imbalance. Anemia and protein deficiency is a common
finding in malnourished children with kwashiorkor.
◉ A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a
third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6
months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse
expect for this condition?
a. Loose, wrinkled skin
b. Edematous skin
c. Depigmentation of the skin
d. Dermatoses. Answer: ANS: A
Marasmus is characterized by gradual wasting and atrophy of body
tissues, especially of subcutaneous fat. The child appears to be very
old, with loose and wrinkled skin, unlike the child with kwashiorkor,
who appears more rounded from the edema. Fat metabolism is less
impaired than in kwashiorkor; thus, deficiency of fat-soluble
vitamins is usually minimal or absent. In general, the clinical
,manifestations of marasmus are similar to those seen in
kwashiorkor with the following exceptions: With marasmus, there is
no edema from hypoalbuminemia or sodium retention, which
contributes to a severely emaciated appearance; no dermatoses
caused by vitamin deficiencies; little or no depigmentation of hair or
skin; moderately normal fat metabolism and lipid absorption; and a
smaller head size and slower recovery after treatment.
◉ Rickets is caused by a deficiency in:
a. vitamin A.
b. vitamin C.
c. vitamin D and calcium.
d. folic acid and iron.. Answer: ANS: C
Fat-soluble vitamin D and calcium are necessary in adequate
amounts to prevent the development of rickets. No correlation exists
between vitamins A, C, folic acid, or iron and rickets.
◉ A nurse is preparing to administer an oral iron supplement to a
hospitalized infant. Which should not be given simultaneously with
the iron supplement?
a. Milk
, b. Multivitamin
c. Fruit juice
d. Meat, fish, poultry. Answer: ANS: A
Many foods interfere with iron absorption and should be avoided
when the iron is consumed. These foods include phosphates found
in milk, phytates found in cereals, and oxalates found in many
vegetables. Multivitamins may contain iron; no contraindication
exists to taking the two together. Vitamin C-containing juices
enhance the absorption of iron. Meat, fish, and poultry do not have
an effect on absorption.
◉ Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their
1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin
can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?
a. Niacin
b. B6
c. D
d. C. Answer: ANS: C
Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D presents the greatest problem
because this fat-soluble vitamin is stored in the body. Vitamin D is
the most likely of all vitamins to cause toxic reactions in relatively
small overdoses. The water-soluble vitamins, primarily niacin, B6,
