NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Examl 2l –l
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Guidel |l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Arachidonicl pathwayl purpose
Answer:
Synthesisl ofl prostaglandins
Q:l Non-selectivel NSAIDS
Answer:
Inhibitl COX1l andl COX2,l riskl forl gastricl ulceration,l GIl bleeds,l edema,l renall impairment
Q:l ASA
Answer:
Blocksl COX1l andl COX2,l alsol inhibitsl Thromboxanel A2l andl prostaglandins
Q:l Corticosteroids
Answer:
Inhibitl phospholipasel A2,l preventingl formationl ofl prostaglandins,l thromboxanel A2,l
prostacyclin,l andl leukotrines
Q:l Thromboxane
Answer:
Vasoconstriction,l plateletl aggregation
,Q:l Prostacyclin
Answer:
Vasodilation,l plateletl aggregationl (mostl effectivel one)
Q:l Typel 1l hypersensitivity
Answer:
E.l Immediatel responsel tol allergen,l food,l meds,l pollen,l asthma,l allergicl reactions
P.l IgEl bindsl withl antigenl atl 1stl exposure.l Antigenl bindsl withl thisl complexl atl 2ndl
exposure.l Inflammatoryl cascadel initiates.l
C.l M.l Urticaria,l rhinitis,l conjunctivitis,l angioedema,l anaphylaxis
Q:l Atopicl disorders
Answer:
Geneticl Typel 1l hypersensitivity,l asthma,l hayl fever,l eczema,l urticaria
Q:l Typel 2l hypersensitivity
Answer:
E.l Antibodiesl directedl againstl fixedl antigensl onl thel plasmal membranel ofl cells
C.l M.l Variesl dependingl onl alloimmunel orl autoimmune
Q:l Alloimmunityl andl examplel ofl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Whenl anl individualsl immunel systeml reactsl againstl antigensl onl thel tissuesl ofl otherl
membersl ofl thel samel species
Bloodl transfusions-l causesl clumpingl andl lysisl ofl RBC-l fever,l nausea,l chills,l lowl backl
pain,l darkl urine,l hives,l itching,l SOB
, Rhl incompatibility-l hemolyticl diseasel ofl newbornl withl jaundice,l givel Rhogaml withinl 72l
hoursl ofl birthl (Rh-l motherl withl Rh+l child)
Q:l Autoimmunityl andl examplel ofl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Al breakdownl ofl tolerancel inl whichl thel bodiesl immunel systeml beginsl tol recognizel self-
antigensl asl foreign.l
Gravesl Disease-l autoantibodiesl forml againstl thyroidl cells-l bindl tol thyroidl cellsl andl
mimicl actionl ofl TSH,l increasesl secretionl ofl thyroxine
Myasthenial Gravis-l autoantibodiesl againstl acetylcholinel bindl tol thel postl synapticl
receptorsl andl inhibitl synapticl transmissionl ofl acetylcholine.l Leadsl tol musclel weaknessl
andl paralysisl (mindl tol ground)
Guillain-Barre'l syndrome-l antibodiesl bindl withl myelinl sheathl ofl thel peripherall nervousl
system,l triggeringl thel immunel response.l Causesl demyelinationl ofl thel peripherall nervesl
andl al rapidlyl progressive,l ascendingl paralysisl (groundl tol brain)
Q:l Typel IIIl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Widespreadl immunel andl inflammatoryl responsel notl specifiedl forl anyl celll orl tissue.l
SLE,l RA
Antibodiesl arel formedl againstl andl bindl tol circulatingl antigens,l antigen-antibodyl complexl
depositsl inl vessell wallsl orl tissue.l Causesl cellularl andl tissuel damage.l IgGl andl IgMl
response,l spreadl vial circulation-l notl specificl tol al celll orl tissue-l widespreadl damage.l
Q:l Typel IVl hypersensitivity
Answer:
T-celll lymphocytel mediatedl reactionl thatl doesl notl requirel antibodyl activation.l Delayedl
response-l 24-72l hours.l
Contactl dermatitis-l poisonl ivy,l topicall drugs,l chemicalsl suchl asl nickell orl formaldehyde.l
Antigensl tool smalll tol causel al reactionl bindl tol proteins,l responsel includesl rash,l redl
bumps,l itching,l andl blisters.l
Reactivel tuberculinl test-l PPDl causel andl indurationl inl 24-72l ifl personl wasl previouslyl
exposedl tol tuberculinl antigen
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Guidel |l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Arachidonicl pathwayl purpose
Answer:
Synthesisl ofl prostaglandins
Q:l Non-selectivel NSAIDS
Answer:
Inhibitl COX1l andl COX2,l riskl forl gastricl ulceration,l GIl bleeds,l edema,l renall impairment
Q:l ASA
Answer:
Blocksl COX1l andl COX2,l alsol inhibitsl Thromboxanel A2l andl prostaglandins
Q:l Corticosteroids
Answer:
Inhibitl phospholipasel A2,l preventingl formationl ofl prostaglandins,l thromboxanel A2,l
prostacyclin,l andl leukotrines
Q:l Thromboxane
Answer:
Vasoconstriction,l plateletl aggregation
,Q:l Prostacyclin
Answer:
Vasodilation,l plateletl aggregationl (mostl effectivel one)
Q:l Typel 1l hypersensitivity
Answer:
E.l Immediatel responsel tol allergen,l food,l meds,l pollen,l asthma,l allergicl reactions
P.l IgEl bindsl withl antigenl atl 1stl exposure.l Antigenl bindsl withl thisl complexl atl 2ndl
exposure.l Inflammatoryl cascadel initiates.l
C.l M.l Urticaria,l rhinitis,l conjunctivitis,l angioedema,l anaphylaxis
Q:l Atopicl disorders
Answer:
Geneticl Typel 1l hypersensitivity,l asthma,l hayl fever,l eczema,l urticaria
Q:l Typel 2l hypersensitivity
Answer:
E.l Antibodiesl directedl againstl fixedl antigensl onl thel plasmal membranel ofl cells
C.l M.l Variesl dependingl onl alloimmunel orl autoimmune
Q:l Alloimmunityl andl examplel ofl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Whenl anl individualsl immunel systeml reactsl againstl antigensl onl thel tissuesl ofl otherl
membersl ofl thel samel species
Bloodl transfusions-l causesl clumpingl andl lysisl ofl RBC-l fever,l nausea,l chills,l lowl backl
pain,l darkl urine,l hives,l itching,l SOB
, Rhl incompatibility-l hemolyticl diseasel ofl newbornl withl jaundice,l givel Rhogaml withinl 72l
hoursl ofl birthl (Rh-l motherl withl Rh+l child)
Q:l Autoimmunityl andl examplel ofl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Al breakdownl ofl tolerancel inl whichl thel bodiesl immunel systeml beginsl tol recognizel self-
antigensl asl foreign.l
Gravesl Disease-l autoantibodiesl forml againstl thyroidl cells-l bindl tol thyroidl cellsl andl
mimicl actionl ofl TSH,l increasesl secretionl ofl thyroxine
Myasthenial Gravis-l autoantibodiesl againstl acetylcholinel bindl tol thel postl synapticl
receptorsl andl inhibitl synapticl transmissionl ofl acetylcholine.l Leadsl tol musclel weaknessl
andl paralysisl (mindl tol ground)
Guillain-Barre'l syndrome-l antibodiesl bindl withl myelinl sheathl ofl thel peripherall nervousl
system,l triggeringl thel immunel response.l Causesl demyelinationl ofl thel peripherall nervesl
andl al rapidlyl progressive,l ascendingl paralysisl (groundl tol brain)
Q:l Typel IIIl hypersensitivity
Answer:
Widespreadl immunel andl inflammatoryl responsel notl specifiedl forl anyl celll orl tissue.l
SLE,l RA
Antibodiesl arel formedl againstl andl bindl tol circulatingl antigens,l antigen-antibodyl complexl
depositsl inl vessell wallsl orl tissue.l Causesl cellularl andl tissuel damage.l IgGl andl IgMl
response,l spreadl vial circulation-l notl specificl tol al celll orl tissue-l widespreadl damage.l
Q:l Typel IVl hypersensitivity
Answer:
T-celll lymphocytel mediatedl reactionl thatl doesl notl requirel antibodyl activation.l Delayedl
response-l 24-72l hours.l
Contactl dermatitis-l poisonl ivy,l topicall drugs,l chemicalsl suchl asl nickell orl formaldehyde.l
Antigensl tool smalll tol causel al reactionl bindl tol proteins,l responsel includesl rash,l redl
bumps,l itching,l andl blisters.l
Reactivel tuberculinl test-l PPDl causel andl indurationl inl 24-72l ifl personl wasl previouslyl
exposedl tol tuberculinl antigen
