NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Examl 2l –l
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Review|l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl atopicl individuals?
a.l l Ifl onel parentl hasl allergies,l thenl al 4%l chancel existsl thatl thel offspringl willl havel
similarl allergies.l
b.l l Ifl twol parentsl havel allergies,l thenl al 50%l chancel existsl thatl theirl offspringl willl
havel similarl allergies.l
c.l l Atopicl individualsl tendl tol producel higherl quantitiesl ofl IgE.l
d.l l Nol genesl arel associatedl withl anl atopicl state.l
Answer:
c.l l Atopicl individualsl tendl tol producel higherl quantitiesl ofl IgE.l
Higherl quantitiesl ofl IgEl arel presentl inl atopicl individuals.l Ifl onel parentl hasl anl allergy,l
thenl thel individuall hasl al 40%l ofl havingl allergies;l withl twol parents,l thel individuall hasl
anl 80%l ofl havingl allergies.l Multiplel genesl havel beenl associatedl withl thel atopicl state.l
Q:l Whichl terml describesl anl agent'sl abilityl tol producel disease?
a.l l Virulence
b.l l Pathogenicity
c.l l Infectivity
d.l l Immunogenicity
Answer:
b.l l Pathogenicity
Pathogenicityl isl thel abilityl ofl anl agentl tol producel diseasel andl dependsl onl thel speedl
ofl reproduction,l thel extentl ofl tissuel damage,l andl thel productionl ofl toxins.l Virulencel isl
thel capacityl ofl al pathogenl tol causel severel disease.l Infectivityl isl thel abilityl ofl thel
,pathogenl tol invadel andl multiplyl inl thel host.l Immunogenicityl isl thel abilityl ofl pathogensl
tol inducel anl immunel response.l
Q:l Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl bacteremia?
a.l l Itl occursl withl al normall defensel systeml ofl thel body.l
b.l l Gram-positivel organismsl typicallyl causel bacteremia.l
c.l l Endotoxinsl oftenl causel symptomsl suchl asl vasodilation.l
d.l l Symptomsl includel increasedl bloodl pressure.l
Answer:
c.l l Endotoxinsl oftenl causel symptomsl suchl asl vasodilation.l
Endotoxinsl arel oftenl producedl byl bacterial thatl growl inl thel blood.l Commonl symptomsl
includel vasodilation,l hypotensionl (reducedl bloodl pressure),l andl decreasedl oxygenl
deliveryl andl canl producel cardiovascularl shock.l Bacteremial isl oftenl causedl byl gram-
negativel bacterial andl usuallyl occursl withl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel mechanisms.l
Q:l Whichl statementl regardingl virusesl isl true?
a.l l Virusesl arel lessl commonl thanl bacteriall infections.l
b.l l Virusesl activelyl producel exotoxins.l
c.l l Virusesl bypassl manyl defensel mechanismsl byl developingl intracellularly.l
d.l Virusesl containl alll theirl geneticl informationl inl ribonucleicl acidl (RNA).l
Answer:
c.l l Virusesl bypassl manyl defensel mechanismsl byl developingl intracellularly.l
Virusesl enterl thel celll andl mayl bypassl manyl defensel mechanisms.l Virusesl arel thel mostl
commonl forml ofl infection.l Theyl containl deoxyribonucleicl acidl (DNA)l andl RNAl forl
theirl geneticl information.l Theyl dol notl producel exotoxinsl orl endotoxins.l
Q:l Whichl statementl regardingl feverl isl true?
a.l l Feverl isl al failurel ofl thel bodyl tol regulatel temperature.l
b.l l Anl endogenousl pyrogenl mayl producel fever.l
c.l l Thel body'sl centrall thermostatl isl thel pituitaryl gland.l
d.l l Feverl isl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel system.l
,Answer:
b.l l Anl endogenousl pyrogenl mayl producel fever.l
Al pyrogenl isl al substancel thatl causesl fever.l Exogenousl andl endogenousl pyrogensl existl
andl affectl thel regulatoryl setl pointl inl thel hypothalamus,l whichl isl thel body'sl thermostat.l
Feverl isl notl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel systeml butl mayl actuallyl bel beneficial.l Thel
bodyl doesl notl faill tol regulatel temperature;l rather,l thel temperaturel isl regulatedl atl al
higherl levell thanl normall withl al fever.l
Q:l Whatl contributesl tol antibiotic-resistantl pathogens?
a.l l Inadequatel sanitation
b.l l Geneticl mutation
c.l l Lossl ofl multidrugl transporters
d.l l Limitedl usel ofl antibiotics
Answer:
b.l l Geneticl mutation
Antibioticl resistancel usuallyl resultsl froml geneticl mutationsl inl thel microorganisml thatl
canl bel directlyl transmittedl tol neighboringl microorganisms.l Sanitationl andl cleanl drinkingl
waterl canl helpl controll infection.l Multidrugl transportersl onl thel microorganism'sl
membranel affectl thel ratel ofl intracellularl accumulationl ofl antibioticsl byl preventingl
entrancel orl increasingl thel effluxl ofl thel antibioticl intol thel cell.l Overusel ofl antibioticsl
canl leadl tol thel destructionl ofl thel normall floral andl selectivel overgrowthl ofl antibiotic-
resistantl strains.l
Q:l Whenl doesl secondaryl vaccinel failurel occur?
a.l l Whenl toxoidsl arel notl administered
b.l l Whenl bacteriophagesl arel administered
c.l l Whenl routinel vaccinationsl arel notl administered
d.l Whenl boosterl immunizationsl arel notl administered
Answer:
d.l Whenl boosterl immunizationsl arel notl administered
, Secondaryl vaccinel failurel resultsl ifl appropriatel boosterl immunizationsl arel notl
administered.l Manyl adultsl vaccinatedl againstl diseasesl thatl arel morel severel inl childhoodl
willl notl getl routinel boosters.l Althoughl notl developingl debilitatingl illness,l theyl mayl
becomel asymptomaticl carriersl andl infectl unvaccinatedl children.l Toxoidsl arel purifiedl
toxinsl thatl havel beenl chemicallyl detoxifiedl withoutl lossl ofl immunogenicity.l
Bacteriophagesl arel virusesl thatl specificallyl infectl bacteria;l thesel arel usedl tol treatl
antibioticl resistance.l
Q:l Whichl arel thel stagesl ofl pathologicl infection?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Invasion
b.l l Death
c.l l Colonization
d.l l Metastasis
e.l l Multiplication
Answer:
a.l l Invasionl
c.l l Colonizationl
e.l l Multiplicationl
Thel stagesl ofl pathologicl infectionl includel colonization,l invasion,l spread,l andl
multiplication.l Deathl andl metastasisl arel notl stagesl ofl pathologicl infection.l Awardedl 1.l 0l
pointsl outl ofl 1.l 0l possiblel points.l
Q:l Whichl arel mechanismsl ofl antigenicl variation?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Siderophoricl switching
b.l l Mutation
c.l l Recombination
d.l l Genel switching
Answer:
b.l l Mutationl
c.l l Recombinationl
d.l l Genel switchingl
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl Review|l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl atopicl individuals?
a.l l Ifl onel parentl hasl allergies,l thenl al 4%l chancel existsl thatl thel offspringl willl havel
similarl allergies.l
b.l l Ifl twol parentsl havel allergies,l thenl al 50%l chancel existsl thatl theirl offspringl willl
havel similarl allergies.l
c.l l Atopicl individualsl tendl tol producel higherl quantitiesl ofl IgE.l
d.l l Nol genesl arel associatedl withl anl atopicl state.l
Answer:
c.l l Atopicl individualsl tendl tol producel higherl quantitiesl ofl IgE.l
Higherl quantitiesl ofl IgEl arel presentl inl atopicl individuals.l Ifl onel parentl hasl anl allergy,l
thenl thel individuall hasl al 40%l ofl havingl allergies;l withl twol parents,l thel individuall hasl
anl 80%l ofl havingl allergies.l Multiplel genesl havel beenl associatedl withl thel atopicl state.l
Q:l Whichl terml describesl anl agent'sl abilityl tol producel disease?
a.l l Virulence
b.l l Pathogenicity
c.l l Infectivity
d.l l Immunogenicity
Answer:
b.l l Pathogenicity
Pathogenicityl isl thel abilityl ofl anl agentl tol producel diseasel andl dependsl onl thel speedl
ofl reproduction,l thel extentl ofl tissuel damage,l andl thel productionl ofl toxins.l Virulencel isl
thel capacityl ofl al pathogenl tol causel severel disease.l Infectivityl isl thel abilityl ofl thel
,pathogenl tol invadel andl multiplyl inl thel host.l Immunogenicityl isl thel abilityl ofl pathogensl
tol inducel anl immunel response.l
Q:l Whichl statementl isl truel regardingl bacteremia?
a.l l Itl occursl withl al normall defensel systeml ofl thel body.l
b.l l Gram-positivel organismsl typicallyl causel bacteremia.l
c.l l Endotoxinsl oftenl causel symptomsl suchl asl vasodilation.l
d.l l Symptomsl includel increasedl bloodl pressure.l
Answer:
c.l l Endotoxinsl oftenl causel symptomsl suchl asl vasodilation.l
Endotoxinsl arel oftenl producedl byl bacterial thatl growl inl thel blood.l Commonl symptomsl
includel vasodilation,l hypotensionl (reducedl bloodl pressure),l andl decreasedl oxygenl
deliveryl andl canl producel cardiovascularl shock.l Bacteremial isl oftenl causedl byl gram-
negativel bacterial andl usuallyl occursl withl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel mechanisms.l
Q:l Whichl statementl regardingl virusesl isl true?
a.l l Virusesl arel lessl commonl thanl bacteriall infections.l
b.l l Virusesl activelyl producel exotoxins.l
c.l l Virusesl bypassl manyl defensel mechanismsl byl developingl intracellularly.l
d.l Virusesl containl alll theirl geneticl informationl inl ribonucleicl acidl (RNA).l
Answer:
c.l l Virusesl bypassl manyl defensel mechanismsl byl developingl intracellularly.l
Virusesl enterl thel celll andl mayl bypassl manyl defensel mechanisms.l Virusesl arel thel mostl
commonl forml ofl infection.l Theyl containl deoxyribonucleicl acidl (DNA)l andl RNAl forl
theirl geneticl information.l Theyl dol notl producel exotoxinsl orl endotoxins.l
Q:l Whichl statementl regardingl feverl isl true?
a.l l Feverl isl al failurel ofl thel bodyl tol regulatel temperature.l
b.l l Anl endogenousl pyrogenl mayl producel fever.l
c.l l Thel body'sl centrall thermostatl isl thel pituitaryl gland.l
d.l l Feverl isl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel system.l
,Answer:
b.l l Anl endogenousl pyrogenl mayl producel fever.l
Al pyrogenl isl al substancel thatl causesl fever.l Exogenousl andl endogenousl pyrogensl existl
andl affectl thel regulatoryl setl pointl inl thel hypothalamus,l whichl isl thel body'sl thermostat.l
Feverl isl notl al failurel ofl thel body'sl defensel systeml butl mayl actuallyl bel beneficial.l Thel
bodyl doesl notl faill tol regulatel temperature;l rather,l thel temperaturel isl regulatedl atl al
higherl levell thanl normall withl al fever.l
Q:l Whatl contributesl tol antibiotic-resistantl pathogens?
a.l l Inadequatel sanitation
b.l l Geneticl mutation
c.l l Lossl ofl multidrugl transporters
d.l l Limitedl usel ofl antibiotics
Answer:
b.l l Geneticl mutation
Antibioticl resistancel usuallyl resultsl froml geneticl mutationsl inl thel microorganisml thatl
canl bel directlyl transmittedl tol neighboringl microorganisms.l Sanitationl andl cleanl drinkingl
waterl canl helpl controll infection.l Multidrugl transportersl onl thel microorganism'sl
membranel affectl thel ratel ofl intracellularl accumulationl ofl antibioticsl byl preventingl
entrancel orl increasingl thel effluxl ofl thel antibioticl intol thel cell.l Overusel ofl antibioticsl
canl leadl tol thel destructionl ofl thel normall floral andl selectivel overgrowthl ofl antibiotic-
resistantl strains.l
Q:l Whenl doesl secondaryl vaccinel failurel occur?
a.l l Whenl toxoidsl arel notl administered
b.l l Whenl bacteriophagesl arel administered
c.l l Whenl routinel vaccinationsl arel notl administered
d.l Whenl boosterl immunizationsl arel notl administered
Answer:
d.l Whenl boosterl immunizationsl arel notl administered
, Secondaryl vaccinel failurel resultsl ifl appropriatel boosterl immunizationsl arel notl
administered.l Manyl adultsl vaccinatedl againstl diseasesl thatl arel morel severel inl childhoodl
willl notl getl routinel boosters.l Althoughl notl developingl debilitatingl illness,l theyl mayl
becomel asymptomaticl carriersl andl infectl unvaccinatedl children.l Toxoidsl arel purifiedl
toxinsl thatl havel beenl chemicallyl detoxifiedl withoutl lossl ofl immunogenicity.l
Bacteriophagesl arel virusesl thatl specificallyl infectl bacteria;l thesel arel usedl tol treatl
antibioticl resistance.l
Q:l Whichl arel thel stagesl ofl pathologicl infection?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Invasion
b.l l Death
c.l l Colonization
d.l l Metastasis
e.l l Multiplication
Answer:
a.l l Invasionl
c.l l Colonizationl
e.l l Multiplicationl
Thel stagesl ofl pathologicl infectionl includel colonization,l invasion,l spread,l andl
multiplication.l Deathl andl metastasisl arel notl stagesl ofl pathologicl infection.l Awardedl 1.l 0l
pointsl outl ofl 1.l 0l possiblel points.l
Q:l Whichl arel mechanismsl ofl antigenicl variation?l (Selectl alll thatl apply.l )
a.l l Siderophoricl switching
b.l l Mutation
c.l l Recombination
d.l l Genel switching
Answer:
b.l l Mutationl
c.l l Recombinationl
d.l l Genel switchingl
