NURSl 5315/l NURS5315l Finall Examl –l
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl |l UTAl (Latestl
2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl al patientl hasl al pHl ofl 7.l 25l andl al bicarbonatel
ofl 10.l Whichl ofl followingl laboratoryl testsl isl mostl importantl forl thel nursel practitionerl
tol review?
sodium
magnesium
potassium
creatinine
Answer:
Thel pHl andl bicarbonatel inl thisl questionl arel consistentl withl al metabolicl acidosis.l Thel
nursel practitionerl shouldl reviewl thel potassiuml level.l Hyperkalemial isl al commonl
electrolytel imbalancel seenl inl al metabolicl acidosis.l Duringl al metabolicl acidosis,l
hydrogenl (al positivel ion)l shiftsl intol thel intracellularl space.l Inl orderl tol maintainl thel
ionicl balance,l potassiuml (al positivel ion)l shiftsl tol thel extracellularl spacel andl resultsl inl
al hyperkalemia.l Nonel ofl thel otherl labsl arel affectedl byl al metabolicl acidosis.l
Q:l Al patientl isl notedl tol havel al highl anionl gapl metabolicl acidosis.l Whichl ofl thel
followingl isl thel mostl likelyl etiologyl ofl thel acidosis?
CO2l retention
Ethanoll ingestion
Vomiting
Diureticl use
Answer:
,Thel elevatedl anionl gapl inl thel settingl ofl al metabolicl acidosisl isl consistentl withl ethanoll
ingestion.l CO2l retentionl resultsl inl anl alteredl mentall statusl andl al respiratoryl acidosisl
notl al metabolicl acidosis.l Diureticl usel andl vomitingl mayl causel al metabolicl alkalosis.l
Q:l Al childl isl diagnosedl withl osteogenicl sarcoma.l Froml whichl tissuel didl thel cancerl
originate?
Al connective
Bl epitheliall
Cl liverl
Dl nervel tissue
Answer:
A.l Cancersl arisingl froml connectivel tissue,l usuallyl havel thel suffixl "sarcoma".l Epitheliall
cancersl typicallyl havel thel prefixl "adeno".l Thel liverl isl consideredl epitheliall tissue.l
Cancerousl whichl originatel froml nervousl tissuel havel thel suffixl "balstoma".l
Q:l Uponl examiningl al paraplegicl patient,l thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl thel patient'sl
lowerl extremitiesl arel thinl andl wasted.l Thisl isl anl examplel ofl whichl cellularl adaptationl
pattern?
A.l Atrophy
Bl Hypertrophy
Cl hyperplasial
Dl dysplasia
Answer:
Q:l Uponl examiningl al paraplegicl patientl thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl thel patient'sl
lowerl extremitiesl arel thinl andl wasted.l Thisl isl anl examplel ofl whichl cellularl adaptationl
pattern?
a.l Atrophy
b.l Hypertrophy
c.l Hyperplasia
d.l Dysplasia
, Answer:
ANS:l A
Thel patientl inl thisl scenariol hasl experiencedl musclel wastingl (atrophy)l secondaryl tol thel
lossl ofl usel ofl theirl lowerl extremities.l Hypertrophyl isl anl enlargementl ofl thel cellsl inl al
tissuel secondaryl tol thel increasedl demandsl onl thel cells.l Thisl typel ofl responsel occursl inl
weightliftersl orl inl thel heartl froml increasedl bloodl pressure.l Hyperplasial isl thel increasedl
inl thel numberl ofl cellsl inl al tissue.l Thel celll sizel andl organizationl arel completelyl
normal;l however,l thel numberl ofl cellsl presentl inl thel tissuel isl morel thanl normal.l Thisl
isl seenl inl benignl prostaticl hyperplasia.l Dysplasial isl anl erraticl arrangementl inl thel cell'sl
organization,l sizes,l andl shapel inl al tissue.l Thisl isl al pre-cancerousl statel seenl inl cervicall
dysplasia.l
Q:l Al patientl withl al long-standingl historyl ofl GERDl isl atl greaterl riskl ofl whichl
cellularl adaptationl pattern?
a.l Esophageall hypertrophy
b.l Esophageall metaplasia
c.l Esophageall atrophy
d.l Esophageall dysplasia
Answer:
ANS:l B
Long-standingl GERDl predisposedl thel esophageall cellsl tol undergol al metaplasia.l Inl
esophageall metaplasial thel normall esophageall squamousl epitheliall cellsl arel replacedl byl
intestinal-likel columnarl cellsl underl thel influencel ofl thel refluxedl gastricl acid.l Thel
columnarl cellsl arel betterl equippedl tol handlel thel refluxedl hydrochloricl acid.l Itl isl pre-
cancerousl condition.l Nonel ofl thel otherl adaptationl patternsl arel pertinent.l
Q:l Al 50-year-oldl malel isl diagnosedl withl primaryl lungl adenocarcinoma.l Froml whichl
tissuel didl thisl cancerl originate?
a.l Glandularl epithelial
b.l Deepl Connectivel Tissue
c.l Superficiall connective
d.l Musclel tissue
Advancedl Pathophysiologyl |l UTAl (Latestl
2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl al patientl hasl al pHl ofl 7.l 25l andl al bicarbonatel
ofl 10.l Whichl ofl followingl laboratoryl testsl isl mostl importantl forl thel nursel practitionerl
tol review?
sodium
magnesium
potassium
creatinine
Answer:
Thel pHl andl bicarbonatel inl thisl questionl arel consistentl withl al metabolicl acidosis.l Thel
nursel practitionerl shouldl reviewl thel potassiuml level.l Hyperkalemial isl al commonl
electrolytel imbalancel seenl inl al metabolicl acidosis.l Duringl al metabolicl acidosis,l
hydrogenl (al positivel ion)l shiftsl intol thel intracellularl space.l Inl orderl tol maintainl thel
ionicl balance,l potassiuml (al positivel ion)l shiftsl tol thel extracellularl spacel andl resultsl inl
al hyperkalemia.l Nonel ofl thel otherl labsl arel affectedl byl al metabolicl acidosis.l
Q:l Al patientl isl notedl tol havel al highl anionl gapl metabolicl acidosis.l Whichl ofl thel
followingl isl thel mostl likelyl etiologyl ofl thel acidosis?
CO2l retention
Ethanoll ingestion
Vomiting
Diureticl use
Answer:
,Thel elevatedl anionl gapl inl thel settingl ofl al metabolicl acidosisl isl consistentl withl ethanoll
ingestion.l CO2l retentionl resultsl inl anl alteredl mentall statusl andl al respiratoryl acidosisl
notl al metabolicl acidosis.l Diureticl usel andl vomitingl mayl causel al metabolicl alkalosis.l
Q:l Al childl isl diagnosedl withl osteogenicl sarcoma.l Froml whichl tissuel didl thel cancerl
originate?
Al connective
Bl epitheliall
Cl liverl
Dl nervel tissue
Answer:
A.l Cancersl arisingl froml connectivel tissue,l usuallyl havel thel suffixl "sarcoma".l Epitheliall
cancersl typicallyl havel thel prefixl "adeno".l Thel liverl isl consideredl epitheliall tissue.l
Cancerousl whichl originatel froml nervousl tissuel havel thel suffixl "balstoma".l
Q:l Uponl examiningl al paraplegicl patient,l thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl thel patient'sl
lowerl extremitiesl arel thinl andl wasted.l Thisl isl anl examplel ofl whichl cellularl adaptationl
pattern?
A.l Atrophy
Bl Hypertrophy
Cl hyperplasial
Dl dysplasia
Answer:
Q:l Uponl examiningl al paraplegicl patientl thel nursel practitionerl notesl thatl thel patient'sl
lowerl extremitiesl arel thinl andl wasted.l Thisl isl anl examplel ofl whichl cellularl adaptationl
pattern?
a.l Atrophy
b.l Hypertrophy
c.l Hyperplasia
d.l Dysplasia
, Answer:
ANS:l A
Thel patientl inl thisl scenariol hasl experiencedl musclel wastingl (atrophy)l secondaryl tol thel
lossl ofl usel ofl theirl lowerl extremities.l Hypertrophyl isl anl enlargementl ofl thel cellsl inl al
tissuel secondaryl tol thel increasedl demandsl onl thel cells.l Thisl typel ofl responsel occursl inl
weightliftersl orl inl thel heartl froml increasedl bloodl pressure.l Hyperplasial isl thel increasedl
inl thel numberl ofl cellsl inl al tissue.l Thel celll sizel andl organizationl arel completelyl
normal;l however,l thel numberl ofl cellsl presentl inl thel tissuel isl morel thanl normal.l Thisl
isl seenl inl benignl prostaticl hyperplasia.l Dysplasial isl anl erraticl arrangementl inl thel cell'sl
organization,l sizes,l andl shapel inl al tissue.l Thisl isl al pre-cancerousl statel seenl inl cervicall
dysplasia.l
Q:l Al patientl withl al long-standingl historyl ofl GERDl isl atl greaterl riskl ofl whichl
cellularl adaptationl pattern?
a.l Esophageall hypertrophy
b.l Esophageall metaplasia
c.l Esophageall atrophy
d.l Esophageall dysplasia
Answer:
ANS:l B
Long-standingl GERDl predisposedl thel esophageall cellsl tol undergol al metaplasia.l Inl
esophageall metaplasial thel normall esophageall squamousl epitheliall cellsl arel replacedl byl
intestinal-likel columnarl cellsl underl thel influencel ofl thel refluxedl gastricl acid.l Thel
columnarl cellsl arel betterl equippedl tol handlel thel refluxedl hydrochloricl acid.l Itl isl pre-
cancerousl condition.l Nonel ofl thel otherl adaptationl patternsl arel pertinent.l
Q:l Al 50-year-oldl malel isl diagnosedl withl primaryl lungl adenocarcinoma.l Froml whichl
tissuel didl thisl cancerl originate?
a.l Glandularl epithelial
b.l Deepl Connectivel Tissue
c.l Superficiall connective
d.l Musclel tissue
