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PEDS 25 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ESSENTIAL
CONDITIONS & INTERVENTIONS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
Teaching a school-age who has a new diagnosis of asthma
-educate clients on the importance of yearly visits to the medical
provider for evaluation and maintenance of the disease. Correct use
of treatment devices (such as inhalers, nebulizers, and
spacers), proper medication administration, and care for the equipment
are crucial in successful disease maintenance and prevention of
complications.
-know the difference between preventative and rescue medications
and when and how to use them. Teach about adherence to
immunization schedule and avoidance of triggers.
-children should have a rescue inhaler with a spacer available in
school. Parents should obtain the necessary paperwork to ensure all
emergency medications are available on the first day of
school. The child should receive clear guidance on who to speak to,
where to go, and what to do at the onset of manifestations of asthma
exacerbation.
Interventions for a child having an asthma attack
-metered dose inhalers with a chamber and nebulizer are the most
common routes. Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) relief
bronchodilators aim to open the airway rapidly and are administered to
prevent or treat manifestations during an asthma attack.
-long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) bronchodilators, such as formoterol,
are taken daily and aim to prevent exacerbations.
-the child experiencing an asthma attack should be placed in an
,2
upright position, such as the tripod position, to expand lung fields
and improve ventilation.
-will administer rescue inhaler, monitor O2 saturation, position
upright, teaching to avoid triggers
What mineral is needed for transport of oxygen
-Hemoglobin and hematocrit provide data about the transport of
oxygen within the bloodstream; therefore, decreased levels can have a
direct effect on the infant’s or child’s respiratory and oxygenation
status.
-IRON is the mineral necessary for the transport of oxygen in the body.
It is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that
binds to and carries oxygen from the lungs to
tissues throughout the body.
Treatment for type I diabetes
- Treatments and therapies: Management of type 1 diabetes is
focused on lowering blood glucose while minimizing the risk of
hypoglycemia. The homeostasis of glucose is affected by diet,
stress, exercise, and illness.
, 3
- The health care team should include the provider, nurse,
diabetes educator, dietician, social worker, and psychologist.
In-office visits are initially frequent while effective treatment is
being determined and the family is learning the daily
management for the child.
- Insulin delivery is done either by multiple daily injections or the
use of an insulin pump.
Insulin comes in three types: fast-acting (bolus insulin),
intermediate-acting, and
long-acting (basal insulin). Basal insulin is administered once or
twice daily, while bolus insulin is given at meals and is based on
carbohydrate content and current blood glucose.
Insulin Type Onset Peak Duration
Rapid-acting (lispro) 15 to 30 min 0.5 to 3 hr 3 to 5 hr
Short-acting (regular) 30 min to 1 hr 2 to 4 hr 4 to 12 hr
Intermediate-acting (NPH) 1 to 2 hr 4 to 12 hr 14 to 24 hr
Long-acting (U-100 2 to 4 hr minimal up to 24 hr
glargine)
Ultra-long (degludec) 1 hr 12 hr 24 to 42 hr
- Along with insulin therapy, the use of behavior management
supports glycemic control and improves outcomes. Strategies
that are used should allow the parent and child to
achieve the best blood glucose control. Behavioral interventions
PEDS 25 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ESSENTIAL
CONDITIONS & INTERVENTIONS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
Teaching a school-age who has a new diagnosis of asthma
-educate clients on the importance of yearly visits to the medical
provider for evaluation and maintenance of the disease. Correct use
of treatment devices (such as inhalers, nebulizers, and
spacers), proper medication administration, and care for the equipment
are crucial in successful disease maintenance and prevention of
complications.
-know the difference between preventative and rescue medications
and when and how to use them. Teach about adherence to
immunization schedule and avoidance of triggers.
-children should have a rescue inhaler with a spacer available in
school. Parents should obtain the necessary paperwork to ensure all
emergency medications are available on the first day of
school. The child should receive clear guidance on who to speak to,
where to go, and what to do at the onset of manifestations of asthma
exacerbation.
Interventions for a child having an asthma attack
-metered dose inhalers with a chamber and nebulizer are the most
common routes. Short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) relief
bronchodilators aim to open the airway rapidly and are administered to
prevent or treat manifestations during an asthma attack.
-long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) bronchodilators, such as formoterol,
are taken daily and aim to prevent exacerbations.
-the child experiencing an asthma attack should be placed in an
,2
upright position, such as the tripod position, to expand lung fields
and improve ventilation.
-will administer rescue inhaler, monitor O2 saturation, position
upright, teaching to avoid triggers
What mineral is needed for transport of oxygen
-Hemoglobin and hematocrit provide data about the transport of
oxygen within the bloodstream; therefore, decreased levels can have a
direct effect on the infant’s or child’s respiratory and oxygenation
status.
-IRON is the mineral necessary for the transport of oxygen in the body.
It is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that
binds to and carries oxygen from the lungs to
tissues throughout the body.
Treatment for type I diabetes
- Treatments and therapies: Management of type 1 diabetes is
focused on lowering blood glucose while minimizing the risk of
hypoglycemia. The homeostasis of glucose is affected by diet,
stress, exercise, and illness.
, 3
- The health care team should include the provider, nurse,
diabetes educator, dietician, social worker, and psychologist.
In-office visits are initially frequent while effective treatment is
being determined and the family is learning the daily
management for the child.
- Insulin delivery is done either by multiple daily injections or the
use of an insulin pump.
Insulin comes in three types: fast-acting (bolus insulin),
intermediate-acting, and
long-acting (basal insulin). Basal insulin is administered once or
twice daily, while bolus insulin is given at meals and is based on
carbohydrate content and current blood glucose.
Insulin Type Onset Peak Duration
Rapid-acting (lispro) 15 to 30 min 0.5 to 3 hr 3 to 5 hr
Short-acting (regular) 30 min to 1 hr 2 to 4 hr 4 to 12 hr
Intermediate-acting (NPH) 1 to 2 hr 4 to 12 hr 14 to 24 hr
Long-acting (U-100 2 to 4 hr minimal up to 24 hr
glargine)
Ultra-long (degludec) 1 hr 12 hr 24 to 42 hr
- Along with insulin therapy, the use of behavior management
supports glycemic control and improves outcomes. Strategies
that are used should allow the parent and child to
achieve the best blood glucose control. Behavioral interventions
