Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives Third Edition by Theresa Capriotti, Chapters 1-46, Complete Guide A+ Test Bank

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Chapter1,TheCellinHealthand Illness .7 .7




MultipleChoice
Identify thechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementor answersthequestion.
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. 7 1. Whichstatement regardingthesodium–potassiumpumpiscorrect?i.z .7 .7




1. Thecell’splasmamembraneismoresolubletosodiumionsthanpotassiumions.
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2. Theconcentrationofsodiumionsshouldbehigherinsidethecellcompartment. .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




3. Theconcentrationofpotassiumionsshouldbehigheroutsidethecell .7 .7 .7 .7




compartment.
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4. Theactivetransportinvolvespumping outthree sodium ionsandpumpingintwo i. 7 .7 .7 .7 .7




potassiumions.
.7 .7




2. Intheabsenceofoxygen,whichcellularfunction createsthesameamountofenergyas is
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created in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipationofpyruvic acid .zi




2. Initiationofthe citricacidcycle .7 .7




3. Activationofacetyl-coenzymeA
4. Creationofacidosisvialactic acid .7 .7




3. Howmanyadenosinetriphosphates(ATPs)areproducedinaerobicenergymetabolism? .zi




1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. 53

4. Whichcellorganellesdifferintheirnumberaccordingtothecell’senergyneeds?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria

, 3. Ribonucleicacids .zi




4. Deoxyribonucleic acids . 7




5. . 7 Whichoptionbest supports the reasonmoreenergyisproducedwhenapersonisexercising? i .7 i .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




1. Exercisecausesanincreasein thesynthesis ofprotein. .7 .7




2. Thereisanincreaseintheproductionofpyruvicacidinthecells.
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3. Theconversionofpyruvicacidtolactic acidisincreasedbyexercise. .7 .7 .7 i .7 .7 .7 .7




4. Musclecells havemoremitochondria tomeet energydemands. i.7 .7 .7 i. 7 .7




6. When does ribosomal proteinsynthesiscease?
. 7 .zi i.z .7 .7




1. Duringendoplasmicreticulumstress
2. Duringthesynthesisofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)
3. Duringaseverehypoxicstate
4. Duringtheprocessing ofprohormone .7




7. . 7 Whichcellularorganellesareresponsibleforpropellingmucusandinhaleddebrisoutofthelungs?
. 7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretoryvesicles
4. Endoplasmicreticula

8. . 7 . 7 Whicharethekeyproteinsin thecontractileunits ofthemusclecells? .7 .7 .7 .7




1. Actinandmyosin
2. Prohormoneandtubulin
3. Tubulinandactin .7




4. Myosinandprohormone .7




9. WhichdeficiencycausesTay–Sachsdisease? .zi




1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomalenzymes .7




. 7 10. . 7 . 7 Whichisacharacteristic ofadrenoleukodystrophy?
.7 i .7




1. Accumulationofganglioside
2. Cessationofribosomalproteinsynthesis
3. Accelerationofcellularproteasomeactivity
4. Accumulationoflong-chainfattyacidsinthenervoussystem i.z




. 7 11. Whichstatementregardingendoplasmicreticulum(ER)stressiscorrect?
. 7 .zi




1. DuringERstress,proteinsarerapidlydegraded.
2. DuringERstress,lipids cannot traveltotheirproperintracellularlocations. i .7 i.z .7 .7




3. DuringERstress,long-chainfattyacidsaccumulateinthe nervoussystem. . 7




4. DuringERstress,nondegradedsubstancesaccumulateinthecells. .zi

,12. Aclient isdiagnosedwithtype1diabetesmellitus.Atacellularlevel,whichfunctionis likelyto be
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involved?
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1. Inabilityofribosomestoproduceaspecifictypeofprotein
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2. Incorrect processingofaproteinbytheGolgiapparatus
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3. Stagnationofapreviouslydynamicactioninmicrotubules .7 .7 .7 .7




4. Obstructionofthesmoothendoplasmicreticulum .7 .7 .7




13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




componentis examinedtodeterminethecauseandprobability of thediseasebeing genetically
.7 .7 .7 .7 .7




transferred?
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1. TransferRNA
2. RibosomalRNA
3. Doublehelix ofDNA .7




4. Mitochondrial DNA .7




14. Ahiker experiencesmusclepainandacidosiswhileascendingamountain duringa long,steep
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climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellularhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularedema

, 15. WhichfactorprovidesDNAtheuniquemolecularabilitytoreplicate?
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1. Thepairingofnitrogenousbases .7 .7




2. Thepresenceofpyrimidinebases .7 .7




3. Thepresenceofnucleotides .7 .7




4. Thenitrogenousbaseand phosphatebond .7




16. Howmanynitrogenousbasescomposeasinglecodon?
.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

17. WhichcomponentsformthestructureofDNA? .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




1. Nucleotides
2. Aminoacids
3. Fattyacids .7




4. Phosphates

18. Whichfactor is essentialin orderfor proteinsynthesis tooccur?
.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7




1. Free-standingribosomeswithinthe cell .zi .7




2. ProteinblueprintfromthecelloftheDNA .7 .7 .7 .7




3. Specific information fromthenucleusofthecell
i.z . 7




4. TransferRNA tomovetheproteinout of thecell i.z .7 .7




19. Tetracyclineantibioticisprescribedforanadultclient with chlamydiainfection.Whichisthe .zi .z .z .7




mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. Itpreventsthereplicationofbacteria.
2. Italterstheconfigurationofbacterialcytoplasm. .zi




3. Itinterfereswiththefunctionofbacterialribosomes. .7 .7




4. Itinhibitsthefunctions ofbacterialmitochondria.
.7 .7




20. Wheredoestheconversionofaprohormoneintoahormone take place?
.7 .7 .7 i .7




1. Intheribosomes
.7 .7




2. IntheGolgiapparatus
.7 .7




3. Inthesecretorygranules
4. Intheendoplasmic reticulum .7 .7




21. Whichisthecell’s“mastermind”?
.7 .7 .7




1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgiapparatus
4. Endoplasmicreticulum