Comprehensive Pediatric and Adult Hip Disorders, Special Tests, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, Imaging, Rehab, Osteonecrosis, Bursitis, Strains, DDH, SCFE, Perthes, Osteoarthritis, and Transient Osteoporosis Review for High-Yield Orthopedic and Phy

Comprehensive Pediatric and Adult Hip Disorders, Special Tests, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, Imaging, Rehab, Osteonecrosis, Bursitis, Strains, DDH, SCFE, Perthes, Osteoarthritis, and Transient Osteoporosis Review for High-Yield Orthopedic and Physical Examination Mastery Verified Questions Provided with A+ Graded Rationales LATEST UPDATED 2026 Childhood diseases to pay attention to during the History taking 1. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 2. Legg Calve Perthes Disease Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Special Tests: FABER test Nonspecific Patient supine, cross one ankle above other knee - stabilize opposite hip, while pressing crossed knee down (flex, abduction, external rotation) (+) = inflammation, hip, lumbar or SI pathology FADIR test Pain indicates impingement of anterior superior labrum or degenerative change (flex, adduction, internal rotation) Special Tests: Thomas Test (+) = hip flexion contracture - have PT flex knee to chest, the other leg should be able to stay flat on table, if not = (+) Special Test: Trendelenburg test weak gluteus medius - hip drops to the OPPOSITE side of the weakness EX: if left hip drops, right gluteus medius weakness Special Test: Ober's Test IT band & TFL tightness - allow gravity to adduct leg to test for tightness (if remains abducted = + sign) Common hip conditions: Osteoarthritis of the hip degeneration of the articular cartilage in the femoracetabular joint (hip joint) resulting in decreased joint space Clinical: - lots of pain with passive and active ROM - crepitus with motion - antalgic gait Treatment: - weight loss, NSAIDS, injections ***arthroplasty (hip replacement) What tests are done in DDH? Barlow (push femur out the back) Ortolani (traction with abduction) **if any abnormal popping/clicking, etc. = DDH Common hip conditions: Osteonecrosis of the hip a.k.a. Avascular Necrosis (AVN) vascular insult of the femoral head = ↓ bone from death of osteocytes - bone becomes brittle = collapse (usually a younger PT compared to osteoarthritis) Clinical Finding: - Motion of hip limited, painful - Antalgic Gait Txt: - Protected weight bearing, core decompression, arthroplasty What are some risk factors associated with osteonecrosis? chronic steroid use recurrent pancreatitis/alcoholism femoral neck fracture sickle cell smoking rheumatoid arthritis A vascular insult to the femoral head can result in what? osteonecrosis