UAMS IMMUNOLOGY INSTRUCTIONAL
GUIDANCE PORTAL 2026 OPERATIONAL
MANUAL TOTAL QUERY INVENTORY WITH
ANSWER DESIGNATIONS
◉ Acquired/Adaptive Immunity. Answer: From prior experience with
AGN mediated by lymphocytes; antigen specific; slow response &
memory
Ex: lymphocytes & their products (such as antibodies) involved
◉ Humoral Immunity. Answer: Mediated by antibodies; produced by
B-cells; protects against extracellular microbes/microbial toxins
◉ Cell-Mediated Immunity. Answer: Mediated by T cells which
produce substances to activate phagocytes; protects against
intracellular microbes/microbial toxins; some T cells may kill host
cells harboring microbes
◉ Active Immunity. Answer: Host makes their own antibodies
(infection or vaccination); long lived resistance
Ex: use of vaccines against HBV, measles, polio
◉ Passive. Answer: Antibodies are made by another organism;
antibodies transferred from and actively immunized organism; short
lived immunity
,Ex: newborn being breast fed
◉ B-Cell Specificity. Answer: Immunoglobulins attached to their
membrane- cross linking of antibodies
◉ T-Cell Specificity. Answer: Have receptors (TCR)- interaction of
many surface proteins
◉ Specificity. Answer: Activated through interaction of antigen &
lymphocyte's specific antigen receptors
◉ Diversity. Answer: Lymphocytes random selection of gene
segments resulting in thousands of different variable region
sequences; potential for recognizing at least a billion antigens
◉ Clonal Selection. Answer: Surface receptors bind to specific
epitopes with high affinity and avidity stimulating, activation,
proliferation, and differentiation
◉ Memory. Answer: Response against an antigen is heightened upon
re-exposure
◉ Primary Immune Response. Answer: Response to first exposure;
mediated by a naive lymphocyte (seeing antigen for the first time)
, ◉ Secondary Immune Response. Answer: Referred to as anamnestic
response; usually more rapid, and larger (eliminating the antigen
better); result of "memory" lymphocytes
◉ Immunological Homeostasis. Answer: Confers health by
responding and controlling infection with moderation
◉ Immunization. Answer: Injecting an antigen to cause immunity by
inducing a protective immune response against specific organisms or
its associated toxin prior to the encounter with the pathogen
◉ Immunogen. Answer: Foreign substance the induces an immune
response
◉ Antigens. Answer: Foreign substance that is capable of producing
an immune response; can be harmful or harmless
◉ Regulation. Answer: Control and inhibit self-reactive or over-
reactive responses by lymphocytes; keeps the immune system from
attacking the host by elimination, permanent inactivation, &
inhibition
◉ External Defenses. Answer: Designed to keep microorganisms
from entering the body
Ex: normal flora, skin, mucosal secretions, tears, sweat, ph
GUIDANCE PORTAL 2026 OPERATIONAL
MANUAL TOTAL QUERY INVENTORY WITH
ANSWER DESIGNATIONS
◉ Acquired/Adaptive Immunity. Answer: From prior experience with
AGN mediated by lymphocytes; antigen specific; slow response &
memory
Ex: lymphocytes & their products (such as antibodies) involved
◉ Humoral Immunity. Answer: Mediated by antibodies; produced by
B-cells; protects against extracellular microbes/microbial toxins
◉ Cell-Mediated Immunity. Answer: Mediated by T cells which
produce substances to activate phagocytes; protects against
intracellular microbes/microbial toxins; some T cells may kill host
cells harboring microbes
◉ Active Immunity. Answer: Host makes their own antibodies
(infection or vaccination); long lived resistance
Ex: use of vaccines against HBV, measles, polio
◉ Passive. Answer: Antibodies are made by another organism;
antibodies transferred from and actively immunized organism; short
lived immunity
,Ex: newborn being breast fed
◉ B-Cell Specificity. Answer: Immunoglobulins attached to their
membrane- cross linking of antibodies
◉ T-Cell Specificity. Answer: Have receptors (TCR)- interaction of
many surface proteins
◉ Specificity. Answer: Activated through interaction of antigen &
lymphocyte's specific antigen receptors
◉ Diversity. Answer: Lymphocytes random selection of gene
segments resulting in thousands of different variable region
sequences; potential for recognizing at least a billion antigens
◉ Clonal Selection. Answer: Surface receptors bind to specific
epitopes with high affinity and avidity stimulating, activation,
proliferation, and differentiation
◉ Memory. Answer: Response against an antigen is heightened upon
re-exposure
◉ Primary Immune Response. Answer: Response to first exposure;
mediated by a naive lymphocyte (seeing antigen for the first time)
, ◉ Secondary Immune Response. Answer: Referred to as anamnestic
response; usually more rapid, and larger (eliminating the antigen
better); result of "memory" lymphocytes
◉ Immunological Homeostasis. Answer: Confers health by
responding and controlling infection with moderation
◉ Immunization. Answer: Injecting an antigen to cause immunity by
inducing a protective immune response against specific organisms or
its associated toxin prior to the encounter with the pathogen
◉ Immunogen. Answer: Foreign substance the induces an immune
response
◉ Antigens. Answer: Foreign substance that is capable of producing
an immune response; can be harmful or harmless
◉ Regulation. Answer: Control and inhibit self-reactive or over-
reactive responses by lymphocytes; keeps the immune system from
attacking the host by elimination, permanent inactivation, &
inhibition
◉ External Defenses. Answer: Designed to keep microorganisms
from entering the body
Ex: normal flora, skin, mucosal secretions, tears, sweat, ph
