TNCC WRITTEN EXAM TEST PAPER 9TH
EDITION 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ What is Newton's First Law? Answer: A body at rest will remain at
rest. A body in motion will remain in motion until acted on by an
outside force.
◉ What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? Answer: Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed. It is only changed from one form
to another.
◉ What is Newton's Second Law? Answer: Force equals mass
multiplied by acceleration of deceleration.
◉ What is kinetic energy (KE)? Answer: KE equals 1/2 the mass (M)
multiplied by the velocity squared.
◉ What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment? Answer: A =
Airway with simultaneous cervical spine protection
B = Breathing
C = Circulation
D = Disability (neurologic status)
,E = Expose/Environmental controls (remove clothing and keep the
patient warm)
◉ What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment? Answer: F
= Full set of VS/Focused adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary
catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence
G = Give comfort measures (verbal reassurance, touch, and
pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of pain).
H = Hx and Head-to-toe assessment
I = Inspect posterior surfaces
◉ Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds? Answer:
Auscultate the lungs bilaterally at the second intercostal space
midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the anterior
axillary line.
◉ What are the late signs of breathing compromise? Answer: -
Tracheal deviation
- JVD
◉ What are signs of ineffective breathing? Answer: - AMS
- Cyanosis, especially around the mouth
- Asymmetric expansion of chest wall
,- Paradoxical movement of the chest wall during inspiration and
expiration
- Use of accessory muscles or abdominal muscles or both or
diaphragmatic breathing
- Sucking chest wounds
- Absent or diminished breath sounds
- Administer O2 via NRB or assist ventilations with a bag-mask
device, as indicated
- Anticipate definitive airway management to support ventilation.
◉ Upon initial assessment, what type of oxygen should be used for a
pt breathing effectively? Answer: A tight-fitting nonrebreather mask
at 12-15 lpm.
◉ What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective
circulation? Answer: - Insert 2 large caliber IV's
- Administer warmed isotonic crystalloid solution at an appropriate
rate
◉ What are signs of ineffective circulation? Answer: - Tachycardia
- AMS
- Uncontrolled external bleeding
- Pale, cool, moist skin
- Distended or abnormally flattened external jugular veins
, - Distant heart sounds
◉ What are the interventions for Effective/Ineffective Circulation?
Answer: - Control any uncontrolled external bleeding by:
- Applying direct pressure over bleeding site
- Elevating bleeding extremity
- Applying pressure over arterial pressure points
- Using tourniquet (last resort).
- Cannulate 2 large-caliber IV's and initiate infusions of an isotonic
crystalloid solution
- Use warmed solution
- Use pressure bags to increase speed of IVF infusion
- Use blood administration tubing for possible administration of
blood
- Use rapid infusion device based on protocol
- Use NS 0.9% in same tubing as blood product
- IV = surgical cut-down, central line, or both.
- Blood sample to determine ABO and Rh group
- IO in sternum, legs, arms or pelvis
- Administer blood products
- PASG (without interfering with fluid resuscitation)
EDITION 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ What is Newton's First Law? Answer: A body at rest will remain at
rest. A body in motion will remain in motion until acted on by an
outside force.
◉ What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? Answer: Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed. It is only changed from one form
to another.
◉ What is Newton's Second Law? Answer: Force equals mass
multiplied by acceleration of deceleration.
◉ What is kinetic energy (KE)? Answer: KE equals 1/2 the mass (M)
multiplied by the velocity squared.
◉ What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment? Answer: A =
Airway with simultaneous cervical spine protection
B = Breathing
C = Circulation
D = Disability (neurologic status)
,E = Expose/Environmental controls (remove clothing and keep the
patient warm)
◉ What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment? Answer: F
= Full set of VS/Focused adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary
catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence
G = Give comfort measures (verbal reassurance, touch, and
pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of pain).
H = Hx and Head-to-toe assessment
I = Inspect posterior surfaces
◉ Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds? Answer:
Auscultate the lungs bilaterally at the second intercostal space
midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the anterior
axillary line.
◉ What are the late signs of breathing compromise? Answer: -
Tracheal deviation
- JVD
◉ What are signs of ineffective breathing? Answer: - AMS
- Cyanosis, especially around the mouth
- Asymmetric expansion of chest wall
,- Paradoxical movement of the chest wall during inspiration and
expiration
- Use of accessory muscles or abdominal muscles or both or
diaphragmatic breathing
- Sucking chest wounds
- Absent or diminished breath sounds
- Administer O2 via NRB or assist ventilations with a bag-mask
device, as indicated
- Anticipate definitive airway management to support ventilation.
◉ Upon initial assessment, what type of oxygen should be used for a
pt breathing effectively? Answer: A tight-fitting nonrebreather mask
at 12-15 lpm.
◉ What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective
circulation? Answer: - Insert 2 large caliber IV's
- Administer warmed isotonic crystalloid solution at an appropriate
rate
◉ What are signs of ineffective circulation? Answer: - Tachycardia
- AMS
- Uncontrolled external bleeding
- Pale, cool, moist skin
- Distended or abnormally flattened external jugular veins
, - Distant heart sounds
◉ What are the interventions for Effective/Ineffective Circulation?
Answer: - Control any uncontrolled external bleeding by:
- Applying direct pressure over bleeding site
- Elevating bleeding extremity
- Applying pressure over arterial pressure points
- Using tourniquet (last resort).
- Cannulate 2 large-caliber IV's and initiate infusions of an isotonic
crystalloid solution
- Use warmed solution
- Use pressure bags to increase speed of IVF infusion
- Use blood administration tubing for possible administration of
blood
- Use rapid infusion device based on protocol
- Use NS 0.9% in same tubing as blood product
- IV = surgical cut-down, central line, or both.
- Blood sample to determine ABO and Rh group
- IO in sternum, legs, arms or pelvis
- Administer blood products
- PASG (without interfering with fluid resuscitation)
