Summary Scientific Integrity

Wetenschappelijke integriteit
1 SITUERING




2 WETENSCHAPPELIJKE FRAUDE

2.1 DEFINITIE & CIJFERS
Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or
reviewing research, or in reporting research results

- Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting them
- Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or
omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research
record
- Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words
without giving appropriate credit – ( it may also be citation of own work without referring to
it !! )

Responsible conduct of Research <--> Falsification, Fabrication, Plagiarism

- Dit mag niet aan de orde zijn en moet voorkomen worden!

Responsible conduct of Research <--> Questionable Research Practice <--> Falsification, Fabrication,
Plagiarism

, - Nicholas H. Steneck (2006)
o Questionable Research Practices (QRP)
 Misrepresentation
 Ghost authorship
 Aanpassen cv
 Innaccuracy
 Honest error
 Onvoldoende kennis van status quo
 Bias
 Peer review
 Industrieel onderzoek

2.1.1 Wetenschappelijke fraude in cijfers




Nature, B.C. Martinson et al, 2005, Scientists behaving badly (n= 3247)

- Daniele Fanelli, 2009 (n= 11647)
o Zelf-rapportering
 2% (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism) FFP
 33% (Questionable research practices) QRP
o Rapportering over collega’s
 14% FFP (Fabrication, Falsificatioon, Plagiarisme)
 tot 72% QRP
o Maar
 Geen cijfers over veelpleging
 Maatschappelijke verwachtingen
 Herhaling
 Problematiek definitie