NUR 2356 FINAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSION
GUARANTEED PASS !!
Red blood cell production is stimulated by:
1. Tachycardia
2. Tachypnea
3. Renin angiotensin
4. Hypoxia - ((ANSWER )Hypoxia
4 Main components of blood composition - ((ANSWER )RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
What is the composition of plasma - ((ANSWER )90% H2O
10% solutes - glucose, protein, albumin, hormones, etc
Where is bone marrow aspiration in infants? - ((ANSWER )Tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in toddlers and preschoolers? - ((ANSWER )femur and tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in children over 5? - ((ANSWER )pelvis (iliac crest)
Where is bone marrow production in young adults/adults? - ((ANSWER )ribs, sternum, vertebra,
pelvis, skull, clavicle, scapula
what is anemia - ((ANSWER )a condition in which levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin are
lower than normal
4 types of anemia - ((ANSWER )Iron deficiency
lead poisoning
Page 1 of 52
,sickle cell
B-thalassemia
Define iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )reduction in the iron stores of the body causing an
inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - ((ANSWER )to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )-lack the maternal iron
stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )Iron fortified formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - ((ANSWER
)1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
Food with good sources of iron - ((ANSWER )red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes,
whole grain bread
Page 2 of 52
,How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - ((ANSWER )Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )treat medical problem
causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - ((ANSWER )-
Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green
stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - ((ANSWER )-Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
Environmental causes of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
Page 3 of 52
, -soil
Dietary factors of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - ((ANSWER )-Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - ((ANSWER )lead can replace iron on Hgb causing O2
to not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - ((ANSWER )pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath,
headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Headache, irritability,
difficulty concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
Page 4 of 52
GUARANTEED PASS !!
Red blood cell production is stimulated by:
1. Tachycardia
2. Tachypnea
3. Renin angiotensin
4. Hypoxia - ((ANSWER )Hypoxia
4 Main components of blood composition - ((ANSWER )RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
What is the composition of plasma - ((ANSWER )90% H2O
10% solutes - glucose, protein, albumin, hormones, etc
Where is bone marrow aspiration in infants? - ((ANSWER )Tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in toddlers and preschoolers? - ((ANSWER )femur and tibia
Where is bone marrow aspiration in children over 5? - ((ANSWER )pelvis (iliac crest)
Where is bone marrow production in young adults/adults? - ((ANSWER )ribs, sternum, vertebra,
pelvis, skull, clavicle, scapula
what is anemia - ((ANSWER )a condition in which levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin are
lower than normal
4 types of anemia - ((ANSWER )Iron deficiency
lead poisoning
Page 1 of 52
,sickle cell
B-thalassemia
Define iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )reduction in the iron stores of the body causing an
inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - ((ANSWER )to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )-lack the maternal iron
stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )Iron fortified formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - ((ANSWER
)1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
Food with good sources of iron - ((ANSWER )red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes,
whole grain bread
Page 2 of 52
,How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - ((ANSWER )Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - ((ANSWER )treat medical problem
causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - ((ANSWER )Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - ((ANSWER )-
Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green
stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - ((ANSWER )-Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
Environmental causes of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
Page 3 of 52
, -soil
Dietary factors of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - ((ANSWER )-Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - ((ANSWER )lead can replace iron on Hgb causing O2
to not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - ((ANSWER )pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath,
headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - ((ANSWER )-Headache, irritability,
difficulty concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
Page 4 of 52
