PHAR 515 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
100% CORRECT
PROs and cost-effectiveness analysis - ANSWER
health outcomes classifications - ANSWER -clinical outcomes
-clinical reported outcomes
-economic outcomes
-patient reported/humanistic outcomes
clinical outcomes examples - ANSWER -lab results
-x ray results
clinical reported outcomes examples - ANSWER -MD palpation during physical
examination
-RN reporting a vomiting episode
economic outcomes examples - ANSWER -total costs spent on cancer treatment
-work days lost due to illness
patient reported outcome examples - ANSWER -patient reported symptoms/functions
-health related quality of life
why are PROs important? - ANSWER -some treatment effects are only known to the
patient (pain, smoking cessation, anxiety)
-traditional assessments made by clinicians or lab values are not sufficient to evaluate
patient preferences
-patient's perspective may not coincide with objective assessments
,how are PROs used? - ANSWER they are used to measure
-drug effectiveness
-drug safety
-quality
-and help with decision making
2 HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -general/generic instruments
-disease or condition specific instruments
general or generic HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -broadly applicable to general
population
-summarize range of basic domains
-Ex) SF-36, SF-12, SF-8
disease or condition specific HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -relevant to patients with
specific disease or condition
-more sensitive to specific disease effects
-Example: asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ)
health state utility - ANSWER measures the patient preference of a specific health state
or health outcomes, higher utility scores are associated with more desirable health
states
how are health state utility and HRQOL different? - ANSWER -for HRQOL, the scoring
mechanisms differ by the instrument
-health safety utility is always scored on a scale of 0 (death) to 1 (perfect health)
QALY - ANSWER -quality adjusted life years
, -capture both quality and quantity of life simultaneously
-QALY = additional life years gained x utility of those life years
four different categories of costs - ANSWER -direct medical costs
-direct nonmedical costs
-indirect costs
-intangible costs
direct medical mosts - ANSWER -medically related inputs used directly to provide the
treatment
-Ex: drug costs, diagnostic tests, physician costs
direct nonmedical costs - ANSWER -costs directly associated with treatment but not
medical in nature
-Ex: cost of traveling to the doctor's office
indirect costs - ANSWER -costs tha tresult from the loss of productivity during the illness
-Ex: cost of missing workdays (wage x missed time)
intangible costs - ANSWER costs of pain, suffering, anxiety or fatigue due to illness or
treatment
Professionalism - ANSWER
what are the roles and function of the pharmacist in the state of michigan as defined by
the administrative code of the board of pharmacy? - ANSWER -procurement of drug
products ensuring their strength, quality, purity and labeling from licensed and
lawful distributors
-accurate interpretation and dispensing associated with a legal and legitimate
100% CORRECT
PROs and cost-effectiveness analysis - ANSWER
health outcomes classifications - ANSWER -clinical outcomes
-clinical reported outcomes
-economic outcomes
-patient reported/humanistic outcomes
clinical outcomes examples - ANSWER -lab results
-x ray results
clinical reported outcomes examples - ANSWER -MD palpation during physical
examination
-RN reporting a vomiting episode
economic outcomes examples - ANSWER -total costs spent on cancer treatment
-work days lost due to illness
patient reported outcome examples - ANSWER -patient reported symptoms/functions
-health related quality of life
why are PROs important? - ANSWER -some treatment effects are only known to the
patient (pain, smoking cessation, anxiety)
-traditional assessments made by clinicians or lab values are not sufficient to evaluate
patient preferences
-patient's perspective may not coincide with objective assessments
,how are PROs used? - ANSWER they are used to measure
-drug effectiveness
-drug safety
-quality
-and help with decision making
2 HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -general/generic instruments
-disease or condition specific instruments
general or generic HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -broadly applicable to general
population
-summarize range of basic domains
-Ex) SF-36, SF-12, SF-8
disease or condition specific HRQOL instruments - ANSWER -relevant to patients with
specific disease or condition
-more sensitive to specific disease effects
-Example: asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ)
health state utility - ANSWER measures the patient preference of a specific health state
or health outcomes, higher utility scores are associated with more desirable health
states
how are health state utility and HRQOL different? - ANSWER -for HRQOL, the scoring
mechanisms differ by the instrument
-health safety utility is always scored on a scale of 0 (death) to 1 (perfect health)
QALY - ANSWER -quality adjusted life years
, -capture both quality and quantity of life simultaneously
-QALY = additional life years gained x utility of those life years
four different categories of costs - ANSWER -direct medical costs
-direct nonmedical costs
-indirect costs
-intangible costs
direct medical mosts - ANSWER -medically related inputs used directly to provide the
treatment
-Ex: drug costs, diagnostic tests, physician costs
direct nonmedical costs - ANSWER -costs directly associated with treatment but not
medical in nature
-Ex: cost of traveling to the doctor's office
indirect costs - ANSWER -costs tha tresult from the loss of productivity during the illness
-Ex: cost of missing workdays (wage x missed time)
intangible costs - ANSWER costs of pain, suffering, anxiety or fatigue due to illness or
treatment
Professionalism - ANSWER
what are the roles and function of the pharmacist in the state of michigan as defined by
the administrative code of the board of pharmacy? - ANSWER -procurement of drug
products ensuring their strength, quality, purity and labeling from licensed and
lawful distributors
-accurate interpretation and dispensing associated with a legal and legitimate
