PNLE MEdicaL-SurgicaL NurSiNg rEviEwEr
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
Which of the following is the priority action for a nurse when a patient is experiencing chest
pain?
• A) Administer analgesics
• B) Assess the patient's vital signs
• C) Notify the physician
• D) Offer reassurance
Correct Option: B) Assess the patient's vital signs
Rationale: When a patient experiences chest pain, assessing vital signs is crucial to determine
the severity of the situation and guide further interventions.
Question 2:
What is the primary purpose of assessing lung sounds in a patient with a suspected respiratory
infection?
• A) To determine the presence of fever
• B) To identify abnormal respiratory patterns
• C) To evaluate the effectiveness of medications
• D) To measure oxygen saturation
Correct Option: B) To identify abnormal respiratory patterns
Rationale: Assessing lung sounds helps to identify any abnormal patterns such as wheezing or
crackles, which may indicate the presence of infection or other respiratory issues.
Question 3:
,In managing a patient with diabetes mellitus who is admitted with hyperglycemia, which priority
nursing intervention should be implemented first?
• A) Educate the patient on dietary management
• B) Administer insulin as prescribed
• C) Monitor blood glucose levels every hour
• D) Encourage increased fluid intake
Correct Option: B) Administer insulin as prescribed
Rationale: Administering insulin is the immediate priority to lower the patient’s blood glucose
levels and prevent complications associated with hyperglycemia.
Question 4:
Which lab finding is most indicative of renal failure?
• A) Elevated blood glucose
• B) Increased creatinine levels
• C) Decreased hemoglobin
• D) Elevated white blood cell count
Correct Option: B) Increased creatinine levels
Rationale: Increased creatinine levels are a key indicator of renal function impairment and can
signify renal failure.
Question 5:
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a diuretic. Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor
closely?
• A) Calcium
• B) Magnesium
• C) Potassium
• D) Sodium
Correct Option: C) Potassium
Rationale: Diuretics can lead to potassium depletion, so monitoring potassium levels is essential
to prevent hypokalemia.
,Question 6:
What is the main goal of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
• A) Cure the disease
• B) Improve quality of life
• C) Increase pulmonary function
• D) Eliminate respiratory infections
Correct Option: B) Improve quality of life
Rationale: The focus of COPD management is to enhance the patient's quality of life and
manage symptoms.
Question 7:
When caring for a patient with a chest tube, which observation would require immediate
intervention?
• A) Tidaling in the water seal chamber
• B) Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber
• C) The drainage tube is secured
• D) The dressing is intact
Correct Option: B) Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber
Rationale: Constant bubbling indicates an air leak in the system, which requires immediate
attention.
Question 8:
Which sign would indicate that a patient may be developing sepsis?
• A) Fever and chills
• B) Bradycardia
• C) Hypertension
• D) Increased appetite
, Correct Option: A) Fever and chills
Rationale: Fever and chills are common signs of infection and can indicate the onset of sepsis.
Question 9:
In a patient with liver cirrhosis, which symptom would be a priority for the nurse to monitor?
• A) Abdominal distension
• B) Nausea
• C) Confusion
• D) Jaundice
Correct Option: C) Confusion
Rationale: Confusion may indicate hepatic encephalopathy, which is a serious condition that
requires immediate intervention.
Question 10:
Which is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
• A) Diarrhea
• B) Constipation
• C) Increased appetite
• D) Insomnia
Correct Option: B) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids often slow gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation.
Question 11:
What is the most appropriate nursing action for a patient exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis after
receiving antibiotics?
• A) Apply a cold compress
• B) Administer epinephrine
• C) Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
Which of the following is the priority action for a nurse when a patient is experiencing chest
pain?
• A) Administer analgesics
• B) Assess the patient's vital signs
• C) Notify the physician
• D) Offer reassurance
Correct Option: B) Assess the patient's vital signs
Rationale: When a patient experiences chest pain, assessing vital signs is crucial to determine
the severity of the situation and guide further interventions.
Question 2:
What is the primary purpose of assessing lung sounds in a patient with a suspected respiratory
infection?
• A) To determine the presence of fever
• B) To identify abnormal respiratory patterns
• C) To evaluate the effectiveness of medications
• D) To measure oxygen saturation
Correct Option: B) To identify abnormal respiratory patterns
Rationale: Assessing lung sounds helps to identify any abnormal patterns such as wheezing or
crackles, which may indicate the presence of infection or other respiratory issues.
Question 3:
,In managing a patient with diabetes mellitus who is admitted with hyperglycemia, which priority
nursing intervention should be implemented first?
• A) Educate the patient on dietary management
• B) Administer insulin as prescribed
• C) Monitor blood glucose levels every hour
• D) Encourage increased fluid intake
Correct Option: B) Administer insulin as prescribed
Rationale: Administering insulin is the immediate priority to lower the patient’s blood glucose
levels and prevent complications associated with hyperglycemia.
Question 4:
Which lab finding is most indicative of renal failure?
• A) Elevated blood glucose
• B) Increased creatinine levels
• C) Decreased hemoglobin
• D) Elevated white blood cell count
Correct Option: B) Increased creatinine levels
Rationale: Increased creatinine levels are a key indicator of renal function impairment and can
signify renal failure.
Question 5:
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a diuretic. Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor
closely?
• A) Calcium
• B) Magnesium
• C) Potassium
• D) Sodium
Correct Option: C) Potassium
Rationale: Diuretics can lead to potassium depletion, so monitoring potassium levels is essential
to prevent hypokalemia.
,Question 6:
What is the main goal of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
• A) Cure the disease
• B) Improve quality of life
• C) Increase pulmonary function
• D) Eliminate respiratory infections
Correct Option: B) Improve quality of life
Rationale: The focus of COPD management is to enhance the patient's quality of life and
manage symptoms.
Question 7:
When caring for a patient with a chest tube, which observation would require immediate
intervention?
• A) Tidaling in the water seal chamber
• B) Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber
• C) The drainage tube is secured
• D) The dressing is intact
Correct Option: B) Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber
Rationale: Constant bubbling indicates an air leak in the system, which requires immediate
attention.
Question 8:
Which sign would indicate that a patient may be developing sepsis?
• A) Fever and chills
• B) Bradycardia
• C) Hypertension
• D) Increased appetite
, Correct Option: A) Fever and chills
Rationale: Fever and chills are common signs of infection and can indicate the onset of sepsis.
Question 9:
In a patient with liver cirrhosis, which symptom would be a priority for the nurse to monitor?
• A) Abdominal distension
• B) Nausea
• C) Confusion
• D) Jaundice
Correct Option: C) Confusion
Rationale: Confusion may indicate hepatic encephalopathy, which is a serious condition that
requires immediate intervention.
Question 10:
Which is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
• A) Diarrhea
• B) Constipation
• C) Increased appetite
• D) Insomnia
Correct Option: B) Constipation
Rationale: Opioids often slow gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation.
Question 11:
What is the most appropriate nursing action for a patient exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis after
receiving antibiotics?
• A) Apply a cold compress
• B) Administer epinephrine
• C) Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes
