PNLE MEdicaL-SurgicaL NurSiNg rEviEwEr
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of hypoglycemia?
A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Sweating
D) Blurred vision
Correct Answer: C) Sweating
Rationale: Sweating is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body reacts to low blood
sugar levels, unlike polyuria and polydipsia, which are symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Question 2
What is the primary assessment finding in a patient with left-sided heart failure?
A) Shallow respirations
B) Pulmonary congestion
C) Peripheral edema
D) Dysrhythmias
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary congestion
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to backup of blood in the lungs, causing pulmonary
congestion, while right-sided failure commonly leads to peripheral edema.
Question 3
Which laboratory value is most indicative of kidney function?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Blood glucose
C) Creatinine
D) Albumin
,Correct Answer: C) Creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism and is primarily filtered by the
kidneys. Elevated levels suggest impaired kidney function.
Question 4
In a patient with a suspected DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis), which sign is most
characteristic?
A) Warmth and redness
B) Swelling of the affected limb
C) Fever
D) Localized pain
Correct Answer: B) Swelling of the affected limb
Rationale: Swelling is a key sign of DVT, often accompanied by warmth and redness, but is the
most definitive indicator in diagnosing DVT.
Question 5
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a myocardial
infarction?
A) Administering oxygen
B) Calling for help
C) Initiating CPR
D) Taking vital signs
Correct Answer: B) Calling for help
Rationale: The priority during an MI is to ensure rapid medical intervention. While oxygen and
CPR are important, calling for emergency assistance is critical for timely treatment.
Question 6
What is the best position for a patient with severe respiratory distress?
A) Supine
B) High Fowler’s
C) Semi-Fowler’s
D) Lateral
Correct Answer: B) High Fowler’s
,Rationale: High Fowler’s position allows for maximum lung expansion, which helps improve
respiratory function.
Question 7
Which lab value should the nurse monitor in a patient receiving warfarin?
A) Hemoglobin
B) INR
C) Blood glucose
D) Platelet count
Correct Answer: B) INR
Rationale: The INR (International Normalized Ratio) is used to measure the effectiveness of
warfarin therapy and ensure proper anticoagulation.
Question 8
What is the primary concern for a patient with a tracheostomy?
A) Communication
B) Airway patency
C) Infection
D) Nutrition
Correct Answer: B) Airway patency
Rationale: Ensuring the tracheostomy is patent is crucial for adequate ventilation and
oxygenation.
Question 9
Which medication is commonly prescribed for hypertension?
A) Atorvastatin
B) Lisinopril
C) Metformin
D) Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: B) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor frequently prescribed to manage high blood pressure.
, Question 10
The nurse assesses a patient’s abdomen and finds a bulge in the groin area. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A) Hematoma
B) Hernia
C) Tumor
D) Abscess
Correct Answer: B) Hernia
Rationale: A bulge in the groin area is a classic sign of a hernia, often due to muscle weakness.
Question 11
What is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis?
A) Antihistamines
B) Corticosteroids
C) Epinephrine
D) Oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: C) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, rapidly reversing airway
swelling and hypotension.
Question 12
In which condition would you expect a "barking" cough?
A) Bronchitis
B) Croup
C) Asthma
D) Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B) Croup
Rationale: A barking cough is characteristic of croup, often caused by viral infection in children
leading to upper airway narrowing.
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of hypoglycemia?
A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Sweating
D) Blurred vision
Correct Answer: C) Sweating
Rationale: Sweating is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body reacts to low blood
sugar levels, unlike polyuria and polydipsia, which are symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Question 2
What is the primary assessment finding in a patient with left-sided heart failure?
A) Shallow respirations
B) Pulmonary congestion
C) Peripheral edema
D) Dysrhythmias
Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary congestion
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure leads to backup of blood in the lungs, causing pulmonary
congestion, while right-sided failure commonly leads to peripheral edema.
Question 3
Which laboratory value is most indicative of kidney function?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Blood glucose
C) Creatinine
D) Albumin
,Correct Answer: C) Creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism and is primarily filtered by the
kidneys. Elevated levels suggest impaired kidney function.
Question 4
In a patient with a suspected DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis), which sign is most
characteristic?
A) Warmth and redness
B) Swelling of the affected limb
C) Fever
D) Localized pain
Correct Answer: B) Swelling of the affected limb
Rationale: Swelling is a key sign of DVT, often accompanied by warmth and redness, but is the
most definitive indicator in diagnosing DVT.
Question 5
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a myocardial
infarction?
A) Administering oxygen
B) Calling for help
C) Initiating CPR
D) Taking vital signs
Correct Answer: B) Calling for help
Rationale: The priority during an MI is to ensure rapid medical intervention. While oxygen and
CPR are important, calling for emergency assistance is critical for timely treatment.
Question 6
What is the best position for a patient with severe respiratory distress?
A) Supine
B) High Fowler’s
C) Semi-Fowler’s
D) Lateral
Correct Answer: B) High Fowler’s
,Rationale: High Fowler’s position allows for maximum lung expansion, which helps improve
respiratory function.
Question 7
Which lab value should the nurse monitor in a patient receiving warfarin?
A) Hemoglobin
B) INR
C) Blood glucose
D) Platelet count
Correct Answer: B) INR
Rationale: The INR (International Normalized Ratio) is used to measure the effectiveness of
warfarin therapy and ensure proper anticoagulation.
Question 8
What is the primary concern for a patient with a tracheostomy?
A) Communication
B) Airway patency
C) Infection
D) Nutrition
Correct Answer: B) Airway patency
Rationale: Ensuring the tracheostomy is patent is crucial for adequate ventilation and
oxygenation.
Question 9
Which medication is commonly prescribed for hypertension?
A) Atorvastatin
B) Lisinopril
C) Metformin
D) Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: B) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor frequently prescribed to manage high blood pressure.
, Question 10
The nurse assesses a patient’s abdomen and finds a bulge in the groin area. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A) Hematoma
B) Hernia
C) Tumor
D) Abscess
Correct Answer: B) Hernia
Rationale: A bulge in the groin area is a classic sign of a hernia, often due to muscle weakness.
Question 11
What is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis?
A) Antihistamines
B) Corticosteroids
C) Epinephrine
D) Oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: C) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, rapidly reversing airway
swelling and hypotension.
Question 12
In which condition would you expect a "barking" cough?
A) Bronchitis
B) Croup
C) Asthma
D) Pneumonia
Correct Answer: B) Croup
Rationale: A barking cough is characteristic of croup, often caused by viral infection in children
leading to upper airway narrowing.
