PNLE MEdicaL-SurgicaL NurSiNg rEviEwEr
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1
Which of the following is a priority intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain?
A. Administer aspirin
B. Obtain an EKG
C. Monitor vital signs
D. Assess the patient's pain level
Correct Option: A. Administer aspirin
Rationale: Administering aspirin can help reduce the risk of further clotting in a patient with
chest pain, particularly if myocardial infarction is suspected. It is typically the first step in
emergency management.
Question 2
What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Air pollution
B. Smoking
C. Genetic factors
D. Respiratory infections
Correct Option: B. Smoking
Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, contributing to the inflammation and
destruction of lung tissue seen in this disease. Quitting smoking is crucial for managing and
preventing further lung damage.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a patient post-surgery who is complaining of extreme thirst and dry
mucous membranes. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
A. Administer oral fluids
B. Check the patient's vital signs
,C. Assess the IV fluid rate
D. Notify the physician
Correct Option: C. Assess the IV fluid rate
Rationale: Before administering oral fluids or taking further action, it's essential to assess the IV
fluid rate to ensure that the patient is receiving adequate hydration, especially after surgery.
Question 4
In which of the following scenarios should a nurse consider using contact precautions?
A. Patient with influenza
B. Patient with Clostridium difficile infection
C. Patient with tuberculosis
D. Patient undergoing a routine evaluation
Correct Option: B. Patient with Clostridium difficile infection
Rationale: Contact precautions are necessary for patients with Clostridium difficile to prevent
the spread of spores that can survive on surfaces and cause infection in others.
Question 5
What is the primary purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
A. To assess pain levels
B. To evaluate consciousness
C. To monitor respiratory function
D. To determine hydration status
Correct Option: B. To evaluate consciousness
Rationale: The GCS is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on eye, verbal, and
motor responses.
Question 6
Which laboratory value is most indicative of renal function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Hemoglobin
C. Electrolytes
D. Platelets
,Correct Option: A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Rationale: BUN levels are commonly used to evaluate kidney function; elevated levels may
indicate renal impairment.
Question 7
What type of medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
A. Antibiotics
B. Beta-blockers
C. Antidepressants
D. Antipyretics
Correct Option: B. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers are frequently utilized to manage high blood pressure by decreasing
heart rate and cardiac output.
Question 8
A patient in acute heart failure is exhibiting crackles upon auscultation. What should the
nurse's priority action be?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Position the patient upright
C. Monitor vital signs
D. Obtain a chest X-ray
Correct Option: B. Position the patient upright
Rationale: Sitting the patient upright helps relieve respiratory distress by promoting lung
expansion.
Question 9
When caring for a patient with diabetes, which of the following foods should the nurse
recommend as a healthy snack?
A. Granola bar
B. Fresh fruit
C. Potato chips
D. Candy bar
, Correct Option: B. Fresh fruit
Rationale: Fresh fruit provides essential nutrients and fiber, making it a healthier choice for
snacks compared to processed foods high in sugars and fats.
Question 10
Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate an allergic reaction to a
medication?
A. Nausea
B. Rash
C. Dry mouth
D. Diarrhea
Correct Option: B. Rash
Rationale: A rash is a common sign of an allergic reaction, while nausea and gastrointestinal
symptoms may not necessarily indicate an allergy.
Question 11
When monitoring a patient on warfarin, which laboratory test is essential?
A. INR
B. Hemoglobin
C. Creatinine
D. Potassium
Correct Option: A. INR
Rationale: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is crucial for assessing the effectiveness
and safety of anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.
Question 12
What is the first sign of hypoxia in a patient?
A. Confusion
B. Cyanosis
C. Increased heart rate
D. Fatigue
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1
Which of the following is a priority intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain?
A. Administer aspirin
B. Obtain an EKG
C. Monitor vital signs
D. Assess the patient's pain level
Correct Option: A. Administer aspirin
Rationale: Administering aspirin can help reduce the risk of further clotting in a patient with
chest pain, particularly if myocardial infarction is suspected. It is typically the first step in
emergency management.
Question 2
What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Air pollution
B. Smoking
C. Genetic factors
D. Respiratory infections
Correct Option: B. Smoking
Rationale: Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, contributing to the inflammation and
destruction of lung tissue seen in this disease. Quitting smoking is crucial for managing and
preventing further lung damage.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a patient post-surgery who is complaining of extreme thirst and dry
mucous membranes. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
A. Administer oral fluids
B. Check the patient's vital signs
,C. Assess the IV fluid rate
D. Notify the physician
Correct Option: C. Assess the IV fluid rate
Rationale: Before administering oral fluids or taking further action, it's essential to assess the IV
fluid rate to ensure that the patient is receiving adequate hydration, especially after surgery.
Question 4
In which of the following scenarios should a nurse consider using contact precautions?
A. Patient with influenza
B. Patient with Clostridium difficile infection
C. Patient with tuberculosis
D. Patient undergoing a routine evaluation
Correct Option: B. Patient with Clostridium difficile infection
Rationale: Contact precautions are necessary for patients with Clostridium difficile to prevent
the spread of spores that can survive on surfaces and cause infection in others.
Question 5
What is the primary purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
A. To assess pain levels
B. To evaluate consciousness
C. To monitor respiratory function
D. To determine hydration status
Correct Option: B. To evaluate consciousness
Rationale: The GCS is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on eye, verbal, and
motor responses.
Question 6
Which laboratory value is most indicative of renal function?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
B. Hemoglobin
C. Electrolytes
D. Platelets
,Correct Option: A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Rationale: BUN levels are commonly used to evaluate kidney function; elevated levels may
indicate renal impairment.
Question 7
What type of medication is commonly used to treat hypertension?
A. Antibiotics
B. Beta-blockers
C. Antidepressants
D. Antipyretics
Correct Option: B. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers are frequently utilized to manage high blood pressure by decreasing
heart rate and cardiac output.
Question 8
A patient in acute heart failure is exhibiting crackles upon auscultation. What should the
nurse's priority action be?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Position the patient upright
C. Monitor vital signs
D. Obtain a chest X-ray
Correct Option: B. Position the patient upright
Rationale: Sitting the patient upright helps relieve respiratory distress by promoting lung
expansion.
Question 9
When caring for a patient with diabetes, which of the following foods should the nurse
recommend as a healthy snack?
A. Granola bar
B. Fresh fruit
C. Potato chips
D. Candy bar
, Correct Option: B. Fresh fruit
Rationale: Fresh fruit provides essential nutrients and fiber, making it a healthier choice for
snacks compared to processed foods high in sugars and fats.
Question 10
Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate an allergic reaction to a
medication?
A. Nausea
B. Rash
C. Dry mouth
D. Diarrhea
Correct Option: B. Rash
Rationale: A rash is a common sign of an allergic reaction, while nausea and gastrointestinal
symptoms may not necessarily indicate an allergy.
Question 11
When monitoring a patient on warfarin, which laboratory test is essential?
A. INR
B. Hemoglobin
C. Creatinine
D. Potassium
Correct Option: A. INR
Rationale: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is crucial for assessing the effectiveness
and safety of anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.
Question 12
What is the first sign of hypoxia in a patient?
A. Confusion
B. Cyanosis
C. Increased heart rate
D. Fatigue
