PNLE MEdicaL-SurgicaL NurSiNg rEviEwEr
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
What is the primary purpose of the nursing assessment?
A) To establish a diagnosis
B) To identify patient care needs
C) To discharge the patient
D) To promote health education
Correct Option: B) To identify patient care needs
Rationale:
The primary purpose of the nursing assessment is to systematically collect and analyze patient
data to identify their care needs. This forms the basis for developing a patient-centered care plan.
Question 2:
In the event of a patient experiencing anaphylactic shock, what is the first action the nurse
should take?
A) Administer antihistamines
B) Start oxygen therapy
C) Call for help
D) Administer epinephrine
Correct Option: D) Administer epinephrine
Rationale:
In cases of anaphylactic shock, epinephrine is the first-line treatment as it acts quickly to reverse
severe allergic reactions by constricting blood vessels and relaxing the airways.
Question 3:
A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following assessments is the
most important to monitor?
,A) Pain level
B) Blood pressure
C) Respiratory rate
D) Weight
Correct Option: D) Weight
Rationale:
Daily weight monitoring is essential for patients with heart failure as it helps to assess fluid
retention and guide treatment decisions.
Question 4:
When providing education regarding diabetes management, which statement by the patient
indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I should check my blood sugar daily."
B) "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
C) "Exercise is important for managing my condition."
D) "I should carry glucose tablets in case of hypoglycemia."
Correct Option: B) "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
Rationale:
This statement indicates a misunderstanding of diabetes management. Patients must follow a
balanced diet and monitor carbohydrate intake, along with medication adherence.
Question 5:
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain?
A) Obtain an ECG
B) Administer nitroglycerin
C) Assess vital signs
D) Position the patient in a comfortable position
Correct Option: A) Obtain an ECG
Rationale:
Obtaining an ECG is the priority intervention to assess the heart's electrical activity and rule out
acute myocardial infarction.
Question 6:
,Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with chronic renal failure?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Correct Option: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale:
Chronic renal failure can lead to the accumulation of potassium, causing hyperkalemia, which
can be life-threatening.
Question 7:
During the recovery phase after surgery, what is the most critical assessment?
A) Pain level
B) Level of consciousness
C) Surgical site condition
D) Vital signs
Correct Option: D) Vital signs
Rationale:
Monitoring vital signs is critical in the recovery phase to detect potential complications like
shock or respiratory distress.
Question 8:
Which symptom is most indicative of a respiratory infection?
A) Increased heart rate
B) Productive cough
C) Abdominal pain
D) Skin rash
Correct Option: B) Productive cough
Rationale:
A productive cough is a hallmark symptom of respiratory infections, indicating the presence of
mucus or phlegm.
, Question 9:
What is the primary goal of pain management in patients?
A) To eliminate all pain
B) To improve quality of life
C) To promote dependence on pain medication
D) To prevent any activity
Correct Option: B) To improve quality of life
Rationale:
The goal of pain management is to enhance the patient's quality of life while maintaining a
balance between pain relief and potential side effects.
Question 10:
In caring for a patient with COPD, which finding would indicate respiratory distress?
A) Bradypnea
B) Cyanosis
C) Warm extremities
D) Clear lung sounds
Correct Option: B) Cyanosis
Rationale:
Cyanosis is a significant sign of respiratory distress, indicating inadequate oxygenation of the
tissues.
Question 11:
What is the purpose of administering anticoagulants?
A) To increase blood pressure
B) To prevent clot formation
C) To enhance immune response
D) To reduce inflammation
Correct Option: B) To prevent clot formation
Rationale:
Anticoagulants work by inhibiting the pathways involved in blood clot formation, reducing the
risk of thromboembolic events.
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
What is the primary purpose of the nursing assessment?
A) To establish a diagnosis
B) To identify patient care needs
C) To discharge the patient
D) To promote health education
Correct Option: B) To identify patient care needs
Rationale:
The primary purpose of the nursing assessment is to systematically collect and analyze patient
data to identify their care needs. This forms the basis for developing a patient-centered care plan.
Question 2:
In the event of a patient experiencing anaphylactic shock, what is the first action the nurse
should take?
A) Administer antihistamines
B) Start oxygen therapy
C) Call for help
D) Administer epinephrine
Correct Option: D) Administer epinephrine
Rationale:
In cases of anaphylactic shock, epinephrine is the first-line treatment as it acts quickly to reverse
severe allergic reactions by constricting blood vessels and relaxing the airways.
Question 3:
A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following assessments is the
most important to monitor?
,A) Pain level
B) Blood pressure
C) Respiratory rate
D) Weight
Correct Option: D) Weight
Rationale:
Daily weight monitoring is essential for patients with heart failure as it helps to assess fluid
retention and guide treatment decisions.
Question 4:
When providing education regarding diabetes management, which statement by the patient
indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I should check my blood sugar daily."
B) "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
C) "Exercise is important for managing my condition."
D) "I should carry glucose tablets in case of hypoglycemia."
Correct Option: B) "I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication."
Rationale:
This statement indicates a misunderstanding of diabetes management. Patients must follow a
balanced diet and monitor carbohydrate intake, along with medication adherence.
Question 5:
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing chest pain?
A) Obtain an ECG
B) Administer nitroglycerin
C) Assess vital signs
D) Position the patient in a comfortable position
Correct Option: A) Obtain an ECG
Rationale:
Obtaining an ECG is the priority intervention to assess the heart's electrical activity and rule out
acute myocardial infarction.
Question 6:
,Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with chronic renal failure?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Correct Option: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale:
Chronic renal failure can lead to the accumulation of potassium, causing hyperkalemia, which
can be life-threatening.
Question 7:
During the recovery phase after surgery, what is the most critical assessment?
A) Pain level
B) Level of consciousness
C) Surgical site condition
D) Vital signs
Correct Option: D) Vital signs
Rationale:
Monitoring vital signs is critical in the recovery phase to detect potential complications like
shock or respiratory distress.
Question 8:
Which symptom is most indicative of a respiratory infection?
A) Increased heart rate
B) Productive cough
C) Abdominal pain
D) Skin rash
Correct Option: B) Productive cough
Rationale:
A productive cough is a hallmark symptom of respiratory infections, indicating the presence of
mucus or phlegm.
, Question 9:
What is the primary goal of pain management in patients?
A) To eliminate all pain
B) To improve quality of life
C) To promote dependence on pain medication
D) To prevent any activity
Correct Option: B) To improve quality of life
Rationale:
The goal of pain management is to enhance the patient's quality of life while maintaining a
balance between pain relief and potential side effects.
Question 10:
In caring for a patient with COPD, which finding would indicate respiratory distress?
A) Bradypnea
B) Cyanosis
C) Warm extremities
D) Clear lung sounds
Correct Option: B) Cyanosis
Rationale:
Cyanosis is a significant sign of respiratory distress, indicating inadequate oxygenation of the
tissues.
Question 11:
What is the purpose of administering anticoagulants?
A) To increase blood pressure
B) To prevent clot formation
C) To enhance immune response
D) To reduce inflammation
Correct Option: B) To prevent clot formation
Rationale:
Anticoagulants work by inhibiting the pathways involved in blood clot formation, reducing the
risk of thromboembolic events.
