PNLE MEdicaL-SurgicaL NurSiNg rEviEwEr
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
What is the primary purpose of obtaining a patient’s health history?
a) To identify potential drug interactions
b) To establish a therapeutic relationship
c) To provide a baseline for nursing diagnosis (Correct)
d) To assess the patient’s economic background
Rationale: The primary purpose of obtaining a health history is to provide a baseline for nursing
diagnosis, allowing the nurse to identify patient needs and tailor care accordingly.
Question 2:
Which of the following is a common sign of hypovolemia?
a) Hypertension
b) Bradycardia
c) Dry mucous membranes (Correct)
d) Increased urine output
Rationale: Hypovolemia often presents with signs such as dry mucous membranes due to
decreased fluid volume in the body.
Question 3:
In caring for a patient with a chest tube, the nurse should:
a) Clamp the tube to check for air leaks
b) Ensure the drainage system is below chest level (Correct)
c) Change the dressing every 24 hours
d) Remove the tube as soon as the patient feels better
Rationale: The chest tube should always be positioned below chest level to facilitate drainage
and promote proper lung expansion.
,Question 4:
Which lab value is most indicative of liver dysfunction?
a) Elevated creatinine levels
b) Increased AST and ALT levels (Correct)
c) Decreased WBC count
d) Low hemoglobin levels
Rationale: Elevated levels of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine
Aminotransferase) are commonly associated with liver dysfunction.
Question 5:
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing acute chest pain?
a) Obtain a thorough health history
b) Administer prescribed pain medication
c) Position the patient in a comfortable position (Correct)
d) Encourage relaxation techniques
Rationale: Positioning the patient in a comfortable position is critical to alleviate discomfort and
may enhance oxygenation while further assessments are made.
Question 6:
What is the most effective method for preventing hospital-acquired infections?
a) Hand hygiene practices (Correct)
b) Wearing gloves at all times
c) Using antibiotics prophylactically
d) Isolation of all patients
Rationale: Hand hygiene practices are the most effective method to prevent hospital-acquired
infections, reducing the transmission of pathogens.
Question 7:
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be monitored for:
a) Increased appetite
b) Weight gain
c) Hyperventilation
d) Hypoxemia (Correct)
Rationale: Patients with COPD are at risk for hypoxemia due to impaired gas exchange.
,Question 8:
Which body system is most affected by a significant electrolyte imbalance?
a) Respiratory
b) Musculoskeletal
c) Neurological (Correct)
d) Integumentary
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances primarily affect the neurological system, leading to changes in
mental status, muscle function, and overall neurological function.
Question 9:
In a patient with heart failure, which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?
a) Weight loss
b) Increased fatigue
c) Peripheral edema (Correct)
d) Hypotension
Rationale: Peripheral edema is a common finding in heart failure due to fluid overload and
decreased cardiac output.
Question 10:
What is the priority nursing action for a patient with anaphylaxis?
a) Administer antihistamines
b) Call for help and notify the physician
c) Administer epinephrine (Correct)
d) Position the patient supine
Rationale: Administering epinephrine is the priority action for treating anaphylaxis, as it quickly
counteracts the acute allergic reaction.
Question 11:
Which type of dietary modification is important for a patient with hypertension?
a) Low sodium intake (Correct)
b) High protein intake
, c) Increased carbohydrate intake
d) High potassium intake
Rationale: A low sodium diet is crucial for managing hypertension, helping to reduce blood
pressure.
Question 12:
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus. Which symptom requires immediate
intervention?
a) Increased thirst
b) Elevated blood glucose level (Correct)
c) Frequent urination
d) Dry skin
Rationale: An elevated blood glucose level indicates hyperglycemia, which may require
immediate intervention to prevent complications.
Question 13:
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient receiving hemodialysis?
a) Check for signs of dehydration
b) Monitor vital signs before and after treatment (Correct)
c) Encourage high protein intake
d) Restrict fluid intake
Rationale: Monitoring vital signs before and after hemodialysis is essential to assess the patient's
response to treatment and detect any complications.
Question 14:
Which nursing action is correct for a patient undergoing a colonoscopy?
a) Encourage food intake post-procedure
b) Assess for signs of perforation (Correct)
c) Allow patient to drive home
d) Withhold all fluids for 24 hours
Rationale: After a colonoscopy, the nurse should assess for signs of perforation, which is a
serious complication that may arise from the procedure.
2025/2026 – advaNcEd aduLt HEaLtH
coMPrEHENSivE ExaM PrEP | HigH-YiELd PracticE
QuEStioNS witH vErifiEd aNSwErS & dEtaiLEd
ratioNaLES | PHiLiPPiNE NurSiNg LicENSurE
ExaMiNatioN (Board ExaM) SuccESS guidE
Question 1:
What is the primary purpose of obtaining a patient’s health history?
a) To identify potential drug interactions
b) To establish a therapeutic relationship
c) To provide a baseline for nursing diagnosis (Correct)
d) To assess the patient’s economic background
Rationale: The primary purpose of obtaining a health history is to provide a baseline for nursing
diagnosis, allowing the nurse to identify patient needs and tailor care accordingly.
Question 2:
Which of the following is a common sign of hypovolemia?
a) Hypertension
b) Bradycardia
c) Dry mucous membranes (Correct)
d) Increased urine output
Rationale: Hypovolemia often presents with signs such as dry mucous membranes due to
decreased fluid volume in the body.
Question 3:
In caring for a patient with a chest tube, the nurse should:
a) Clamp the tube to check for air leaks
b) Ensure the drainage system is below chest level (Correct)
c) Change the dressing every 24 hours
d) Remove the tube as soon as the patient feels better
Rationale: The chest tube should always be positioned below chest level to facilitate drainage
and promote proper lung expansion.
,Question 4:
Which lab value is most indicative of liver dysfunction?
a) Elevated creatinine levels
b) Increased AST and ALT levels (Correct)
c) Decreased WBC count
d) Low hemoglobin levels
Rationale: Elevated levels of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine
Aminotransferase) are commonly associated with liver dysfunction.
Question 5:
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing acute chest pain?
a) Obtain a thorough health history
b) Administer prescribed pain medication
c) Position the patient in a comfortable position (Correct)
d) Encourage relaxation techniques
Rationale: Positioning the patient in a comfortable position is critical to alleviate discomfort and
may enhance oxygenation while further assessments are made.
Question 6:
What is the most effective method for preventing hospital-acquired infections?
a) Hand hygiene practices (Correct)
b) Wearing gloves at all times
c) Using antibiotics prophylactically
d) Isolation of all patients
Rationale: Hand hygiene practices are the most effective method to prevent hospital-acquired
infections, reducing the transmission of pathogens.
Question 7:
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be monitored for:
a) Increased appetite
b) Weight gain
c) Hyperventilation
d) Hypoxemia (Correct)
Rationale: Patients with COPD are at risk for hypoxemia due to impaired gas exchange.
,Question 8:
Which body system is most affected by a significant electrolyte imbalance?
a) Respiratory
b) Musculoskeletal
c) Neurological (Correct)
d) Integumentary
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances primarily affect the neurological system, leading to changes in
mental status, muscle function, and overall neurological function.
Question 9:
In a patient with heart failure, which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?
a) Weight loss
b) Increased fatigue
c) Peripheral edema (Correct)
d) Hypotension
Rationale: Peripheral edema is a common finding in heart failure due to fluid overload and
decreased cardiac output.
Question 10:
What is the priority nursing action for a patient with anaphylaxis?
a) Administer antihistamines
b) Call for help and notify the physician
c) Administer epinephrine (Correct)
d) Position the patient supine
Rationale: Administering epinephrine is the priority action for treating anaphylaxis, as it quickly
counteracts the acute allergic reaction.
Question 11:
Which type of dietary modification is important for a patient with hypertension?
a) Low sodium intake (Correct)
b) High protein intake
, c) Increased carbohydrate intake
d) High potassium intake
Rationale: A low sodium diet is crucial for managing hypertension, helping to reduce blood
pressure.
Question 12:
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus. Which symptom requires immediate
intervention?
a) Increased thirst
b) Elevated blood glucose level (Correct)
c) Frequent urination
d) Dry skin
Rationale: An elevated blood glucose level indicates hyperglycemia, which may require
immediate intervention to prevent complications.
Question 13:
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient receiving hemodialysis?
a) Check for signs of dehydration
b) Monitor vital signs before and after treatment (Correct)
c) Encourage high protein intake
d) Restrict fluid intake
Rationale: Monitoring vital signs before and after hemodialysis is essential to assess the patient's
response to treatment and detect any complications.
Question 14:
Which nursing action is correct for a patient undergoing a colonoscopy?
a) Encourage food intake post-procedure
b) Assess for signs of perforation (Correct)
c) Allow patient to drive home
d) Withhold all fluids for 24 hours
Rationale: After a colonoscopy, the nurse should assess for signs of perforation, which is a
serious complication that may arise from the procedure.
