UF APK 3400 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
3 primary roles of sport psychologists - (ANSWER)teaching, research, consulting
dominant level of employment in exercise science department - (ANSWER)teaching
clinical - (ANSWER)detect and treat emotional disorders (eating disorders and substance abuse);
licensed
educational - (ANSWER)not licensed; mental coaches in a way
Norman Triplett - (ANSWER)cycling experiment; social facilitation theory (Zajonc); first known sport
psychology study; showcases people pedal faster in the presence of other cyclists (coaction)
Coleman Griffith - (ANSWER)father of American sport psychology
Psychophysiological - (ANSWER)examine the physiological processes of the brain and their influences on
activity
Social-Psychological - (ANSWER)behavior due to the interaction of the athlete with the environment
Cognitive-Behavioral - (ANSWER)emphasize thoughts and behavior
case study - (ANSWER)collect data on a specific athlete or team; see difference in performance before
and after intervention; limited causation
case-control - (ANSWER)compare successful and unsuccessful group; retrospective data; descriptive
data (no causation)
,UF APK 3400 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
cross-sectional - (ANSWER)collect data across many groups at a specific point in time; compare
categorial information; descriptive (no causation)
longitudinal (predictive) - (ANSWER)study a cohort over a long period of time; identify relationships over
time through correlation but not causation; costly
randomized control trial (experiment) - (ANSWER)participants are randomly assigned to control and
experimental groups; everything kept the same except the one variable being changed; provides ability
to identify causation; can oversimply problems
sport sciences - (ANSWER)which academic departments typically house faculty and graduate programs
providing training in sport psychology
lack of time - (ANSWER)top reason why Psychological Skills training is neglected
Psychological skills training (PST) - (ANSWER)educational approach to mental training; best to do before
or after the season and then maintain throughout performance of the sport
Steps of Psychological Skills Training - (ANSWER)1. Education
2. Acquisition (learn the psychological skill)
3. Practice, Implementation, Evaluation
4. Self-Regulation (do it on their own without assistance of SPC; athlete has mastered the skills and
transfer the skills to multiple aspects of their life)
proximity model - (ANSWER)confidence influences motivation which influences emotions which
influences attention which influences performance
constructs - (ANSWER)variables not directly observable
, UF APK 3400 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
biological mechanisms - (ANSWER)measurable, physiological functions (ex. physiological experience,
behavior)
Neural Network - (ANSWER)composed of interconnected neurons that transmit information chemically
and electrically
dendrite - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that receives neurotransmitters (the message)
axon - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that sends the message via neurotransmitters
cell body - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that initiates the signal
afferent neurons - (ANSWER)from the organs to the brain (senses)
efferent neurons - (ANSWER)from the brain to organs, muscles, and limbs (movement)
autonomic system (PNS) - (ANSWER)composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic; involuntary organ
control
sympathetic NS - (ANSWER)increasing or heightened NS; prepare for fight or flight; dominant in state of
activity
parasympathetic NS - (ANSWER)decreasing NS; dominant in states of rest; hunger, salivation, sexual
arousal
brain and spinal cord - (ANSWER)Central NS is composed of ____ and _____
SOLUTION
3 primary roles of sport psychologists - (ANSWER)teaching, research, consulting
dominant level of employment in exercise science department - (ANSWER)teaching
clinical - (ANSWER)detect and treat emotional disorders (eating disorders and substance abuse);
licensed
educational - (ANSWER)not licensed; mental coaches in a way
Norman Triplett - (ANSWER)cycling experiment; social facilitation theory (Zajonc); first known sport
psychology study; showcases people pedal faster in the presence of other cyclists (coaction)
Coleman Griffith - (ANSWER)father of American sport psychology
Psychophysiological - (ANSWER)examine the physiological processes of the brain and their influences on
activity
Social-Psychological - (ANSWER)behavior due to the interaction of the athlete with the environment
Cognitive-Behavioral - (ANSWER)emphasize thoughts and behavior
case study - (ANSWER)collect data on a specific athlete or team; see difference in performance before
and after intervention; limited causation
case-control - (ANSWER)compare successful and unsuccessful group; retrospective data; descriptive
data (no causation)
,UF APK 3400 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
cross-sectional - (ANSWER)collect data across many groups at a specific point in time; compare
categorial information; descriptive (no causation)
longitudinal (predictive) - (ANSWER)study a cohort over a long period of time; identify relationships over
time through correlation but not causation; costly
randomized control trial (experiment) - (ANSWER)participants are randomly assigned to control and
experimental groups; everything kept the same except the one variable being changed; provides ability
to identify causation; can oversimply problems
sport sciences - (ANSWER)which academic departments typically house faculty and graduate programs
providing training in sport psychology
lack of time - (ANSWER)top reason why Psychological Skills training is neglected
Psychological skills training (PST) - (ANSWER)educational approach to mental training; best to do before
or after the season and then maintain throughout performance of the sport
Steps of Psychological Skills Training - (ANSWER)1. Education
2. Acquisition (learn the psychological skill)
3. Practice, Implementation, Evaluation
4. Self-Regulation (do it on their own without assistance of SPC; athlete has mastered the skills and
transfer the skills to multiple aspects of their life)
proximity model - (ANSWER)confidence influences motivation which influences emotions which
influences attention which influences performance
constructs - (ANSWER)variables not directly observable
, UF APK 3400 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
biological mechanisms - (ANSWER)measurable, physiological functions (ex. physiological experience,
behavior)
Neural Network - (ANSWER)composed of interconnected neurons that transmit information chemically
and electrically
dendrite - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that receives neurotransmitters (the message)
axon - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that sends the message via neurotransmitters
cell body - (ANSWER)part of the neuron that initiates the signal
afferent neurons - (ANSWER)from the organs to the brain (senses)
efferent neurons - (ANSWER)from the brain to organs, muscles, and limbs (movement)
autonomic system (PNS) - (ANSWER)composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic; involuntary organ
control
sympathetic NS - (ANSWER)increasing or heightened NS; prepare for fight or flight; dominant in state of
activity
parasympathetic NS - (ANSWER)decreasing NS; dominant in states of rest; hunger, salivation, sexual
arousal
brain and spinal cord - (ANSWER)Central NS is composed of ____ and _____
