Diagnostic test for DVT (Deep vein thrombosis) (4)
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- Ultrasound and trying to compress the vein, which if you can't indicates a
clot is present
- Plethysmograph: measures the changes in blood flow
- MRI
- Venograph: use with contrast to access circulation. most accurate test.
Describe the first phase of AKI out of 3
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Lasts hours to days
• Begins with initiating event (e.g., hemorrhage, surgery, decreased blood
flow due to trauma, infection, sepsis)
• Ends with tubular injury
, • Prognosis good if AKI treated effectively & promptly
• Often asymptomatic → difficult to identify > can go unnoticed and move
from acute to chronic damage
hypovolemia vs hypervolemia
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hypovolemia is also called fluid volume deficit (FVD) or dehydration
hypervolemia is also called fluid volume overload
What are the 4 functions of water?
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Functions:
- medium for metabolic reactions
- transports nutrients, waste products
- lubricant, insulator, shock absorber
- regulates body temperature
For oxygenation what do we assess?
What changes would we see?
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, Assess:
- Respiratory rate
- Breathing
- Pulse ox
- Lung sounds
- Skin color
- Nailbed (Capillary refill)
Some changes include:
- increase in respiratory rate
- increase in breathing effort/work
(ex. using intercostal muscles, nasal flaring, labor breathing)
- decrease in pulse ox
- cyanosis (blue discoloring in lips and nailbed)
Name the drugs that are long acting beta adrenergic agonist.
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- salmeterol (B2, inhalation)
- formotorol (B2, inhalation)
- arformoterol (B2, inhalation)
Describe active transport.
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Solutes move from an area of lower to an area of higher concentration
using energy (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate
- important for ions such as sodium, potassium (sodium potassium pump),
hydrogen ion, calcium ions, amino acids and sugars.
, Neuroendocrine repsonse
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- decreased CO and decreased renal perfusion stimulate the renin-
angiotensin system
- angiotensin stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex
- ADH (conservation of water) is released from the posterior pituitary
- ANP and BNP is released
- blood flow is redistributed to vital organs
What are our primary regulators of fluid and electrolytes?
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Kidneys
Important in maintaining homeostasis
- regulate and filter waste, return electrolytes to blood
- regulate volume, osmolality of ECF
- adjust reabsorption of water from plasma filtrate
- significant role in acid-base regulation
Works with hormones to maintain homeostasis
Stage 4 of heart failure and interventions.
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- any degree of physical activity results in increased discomfort
- exhibits symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest
Stage IV Interventions
- same interventions as other classes
Give this one a try later!
- Ultrasound and trying to compress the vein, which if you can't indicates a
clot is present
- Plethysmograph: measures the changes in blood flow
- MRI
- Venograph: use with contrast to access circulation. most accurate test.
Describe the first phase of AKI out of 3
Give this one a try later!
Lasts hours to days
• Begins with initiating event (e.g., hemorrhage, surgery, decreased blood
flow due to trauma, infection, sepsis)
• Ends with tubular injury
, • Prognosis good if AKI treated effectively & promptly
• Often asymptomatic → difficult to identify > can go unnoticed and move
from acute to chronic damage
hypovolemia vs hypervolemia
Give this one a try later!
hypovolemia is also called fluid volume deficit (FVD) or dehydration
hypervolemia is also called fluid volume overload
What are the 4 functions of water?
Give this one a try later!
Functions:
- medium for metabolic reactions
- transports nutrients, waste products
- lubricant, insulator, shock absorber
- regulates body temperature
For oxygenation what do we assess?
What changes would we see?
Give this one a try later!
, Assess:
- Respiratory rate
- Breathing
- Pulse ox
- Lung sounds
- Skin color
- Nailbed (Capillary refill)
Some changes include:
- increase in respiratory rate
- increase in breathing effort/work
(ex. using intercostal muscles, nasal flaring, labor breathing)
- decrease in pulse ox
- cyanosis (blue discoloring in lips and nailbed)
Name the drugs that are long acting beta adrenergic agonist.
Give this one a try later!
- salmeterol (B2, inhalation)
- formotorol (B2, inhalation)
- arformoterol (B2, inhalation)
Describe active transport.
Give this one a try later!
Solutes move from an area of lower to an area of higher concentration
using energy (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate
- important for ions such as sodium, potassium (sodium potassium pump),
hydrogen ion, calcium ions, amino acids and sugars.
, Neuroendocrine repsonse
Give this one a try later!
- decreased CO and decreased renal perfusion stimulate the renin-
angiotensin system
- angiotensin stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex
- ADH (conservation of water) is released from the posterior pituitary
- ANP and BNP is released
- blood flow is redistributed to vital organs
What are our primary regulators of fluid and electrolytes?
Give this one a try later!
Kidneys
Important in maintaining homeostasis
- regulate and filter waste, return electrolytes to blood
- regulate volume, osmolality of ECF
- adjust reabsorption of water from plasma filtrate
- significant role in acid-base regulation
Works with hormones to maintain homeostasis
Stage 4 of heart failure and interventions.
Give this one a try later!
- any degree of physical activity results in increased discomfort
- exhibits symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest
Stage IV Interventions
- same interventions as other classes
