ANSWERS|LATEST !!!!2026|GRADED A+| (EXAM
Specific condition of small vessels that can lead to lacunar strokes -
ANSWER lipohyalinosis
What is the greatest risk factor for lacunar strokes - ANSWER hypertension
Tiny areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of small penetrating arteries -
ANSWER lacunar strokes
What percentage of ischemic strokes do lacunar strokes account for - ANSWER 25%
What are the 5 classic syndromes of lacunar strokes - ANSWER pure motor
hemiparesis, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome, pure sensory stroke, and
mixed sensorimotor stroke
What is the only non-pain sensitive tissue in the head/brain - ANSWER brain
parenchyma
What is the biggest insurmountable obstacle to effective pharmacological treatments for
patients with cluster headaches - ANSWER cigarette smoking
Subdural hematomas most commonly result from what? - ANSWER venous bleeding
from the tearing of briding veins
1
,How is the diagnosis of DAI confirmed - ANSWER clinical diagnosis, definitively dx
requires microscopice examination of the brain tissue.
What are classic signs of autonomic dysfunction syndrome and what's the most common
intervention - ANSWER hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever---iv
morphine
What is the MOST common source of infection leading to brain abcesses? -
ANSWER hematogenous spread from distant infected sites, such as PNA, lung
abscess, or bacterial endocarditis
What group of people have the greatest risk of ICH? - ANSWER patients with
unruptured intracerebral AVM's
What is the most important diagnostic test for the pt having a dull headache, superimposed
ice pick sensations on the scalp, jaw claudication, and elevated ESR? -
ANSWER temporal artery biopsy--r/o giant cell arteritis
What is a potential complication of a CSF leak in basal skull fx's? - ANSWER the
trapping of portions of the frontal meninges b/w the fx edges with a persistent CSF leak
requiring surgical intervention
What is the best way to accomplish external draining of CSF via an EVD? -
ANSWER drain a few drops/minute and close the drain after 5min or less
What is the Tinel's sign - ANSWER most frequently associated with carpel tunnel,
gently tap or percuss over the injured nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and
needles" in the nerve distribution area.
2
, What is the Phalen's sign? - ANSWER maneuver to diagnose carpel tunnel--hands
forced dorsal sides together and wrists flexed to 90deg; positive test causes burning,
tingling, or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers.
What is the most common cause of Erb's palsy? - ANSWER dystocia or abnormal or
difficult childbirth or labor
What are the most common sign's of erb's palsy? - ANSWER loss of sensation in the
arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles.
How is the management of the GI system in a SCI pt intiated in the ED? - ANSWER by
inserting a NGT d/t the high risk of gastric immotility resulting in distention and an ileus.
What is the most common cause of a radial nerve injury - ANSWER humerus
fracture
Best treatment options for a woman in 3rd trimester of pregnancy with + Tinel's and
Phalen's sign is what? - ANSWER wrist splints and rehab modalities
Best way to prevent the development of peroneal nerve palsy in a recently immobilized pt is
what? - ANSWER avoiding pressure to the back of the knees during period when pt
is immobilized
In a recently immbolized pt, they begin to complain of burning on the top of the foot and
have unilateral foot drop. What is this - ANSWER peroneal nerve palsy
What is the major difference b/w subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma -
ANSWER subdural hematoma is blood, and subdural hygroma is CSF
3
Specific condition of small vessels that can lead to lacunar strokes -
ANSWER lipohyalinosis
What is the greatest risk factor for lacunar strokes - ANSWER hypertension
Tiny areas of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of small penetrating arteries -
ANSWER lacunar strokes
What percentage of ischemic strokes do lacunar strokes account for - ANSWER 25%
What are the 5 classic syndromes of lacunar strokes - ANSWER pure motor
hemiparesis, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria/clumsy hand syndrome, pure sensory stroke, and
mixed sensorimotor stroke
What is the only non-pain sensitive tissue in the head/brain - ANSWER brain
parenchyma
What is the biggest insurmountable obstacle to effective pharmacological treatments for
patients with cluster headaches - ANSWER cigarette smoking
Subdural hematomas most commonly result from what? - ANSWER venous bleeding
from the tearing of briding veins
1
,How is the diagnosis of DAI confirmed - ANSWER clinical diagnosis, definitively dx
requires microscopice examination of the brain tissue.
What are classic signs of autonomic dysfunction syndrome and what's the most common
intervention - ANSWER hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever---iv
morphine
What is the MOST common source of infection leading to brain abcesses? -
ANSWER hematogenous spread from distant infected sites, such as PNA, lung
abscess, or bacterial endocarditis
What group of people have the greatest risk of ICH? - ANSWER patients with
unruptured intracerebral AVM's
What is the most important diagnostic test for the pt having a dull headache, superimposed
ice pick sensations on the scalp, jaw claudication, and elevated ESR? -
ANSWER temporal artery biopsy--r/o giant cell arteritis
What is a potential complication of a CSF leak in basal skull fx's? - ANSWER the
trapping of portions of the frontal meninges b/w the fx edges with a persistent CSF leak
requiring surgical intervention
What is the best way to accomplish external draining of CSF via an EVD? -
ANSWER drain a few drops/minute and close the drain after 5min or less
What is the Tinel's sign - ANSWER most frequently associated with carpel tunnel,
gently tap or percuss over the injured nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and
needles" in the nerve distribution area.
2
, What is the Phalen's sign? - ANSWER maneuver to diagnose carpel tunnel--hands
forced dorsal sides together and wrists flexed to 90deg; positive test causes burning,
tingling, or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers.
What is the most common cause of Erb's palsy? - ANSWER dystocia or abnormal or
difficult childbirth or labor
What are the most common sign's of erb's palsy? - ANSWER loss of sensation in the
arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles.
How is the management of the GI system in a SCI pt intiated in the ED? - ANSWER by
inserting a NGT d/t the high risk of gastric immotility resulting in distention and an ileus.
What is the most common cause of a radial nerve injury - ANSWER humerus
fracture
Best treatment options for a woman in 3rd trimester of pregnancy with + Tinel's and
Phalen's sign is what? - ANSWER wrist splints and rehab modalities
Best way to prevent the development of peroneal nerve palsy in a recently immobilized pt is
what? - ANSWER avoiding pressure to the back of the knees during period when pt
is immobilized
In a recently immbolized pt, they begin to complain of burning on the top of the foot and
have unilateral foot drop. What is this - ANSWER peroneal nerve palsy
What is the major difference b/w subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma -
ANSWER subdural hematoma is blood, and subdural hygroma is CSF
3
