NBME CBSE EXAM FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Type II pneumocytes . Answer: surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
● Polio live v killed vaccine . Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
● Polio live v killed vaccine . Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
● Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx . Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
,or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
● Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx . Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
● Lung maturity determined with . Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
● Lung maturity determined with . Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
● Type I pneumocytes . Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
● Type I pneumocytes . Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
● Elastase in lungs . Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,● Elastase in lungs . Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
● Elastin stretches and recoils due to . Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
● Elastin stretches and recoils due to . Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
● air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC . Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
● air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC . Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
● Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during . Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
● Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during . Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
, ● Lung Compliance is decreased by . Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
● Lung Compliance is decreased by . Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
● Lung Compliance is increased by . Answer: emphysema, age
● Lung Compliance is increased by . Answer: emphysema, age
● Obesity affects ERV and FRC . Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
● Obesity affects ERV and FRC . Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
● Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) . Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
● Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) . Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
● Anatomic pulmonary shunting . Answer: Bronchial circulation causes
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Type II pneumocytes . Answer: surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
● Polio live v killed vaccine . Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
● Polio live v killed vaccine . Answer: Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
● Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx . Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
,or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
● Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx . Answer: Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
● Lung maturity determined with . Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
● Lung maturity determined with . Answer: Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
● Type I pneumocytes . Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
● Type I pneumocytes . Answer: Squamous gas diffusion
● Elastase in lungs . Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,● Elastase in lungs . Answer: macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
● Elastin stretches and recoils due to . Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
● Elastin stretches and recoils due to . Answer: Lysine interchain
crosslinks
● air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC . Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
● air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC . Answer: Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
● Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during . Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
● Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during . Answer: Exhale of Tidal
Volume
, ● Lung Compliance is decreased by . Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
● Lung Compliance is decreased by . Answer: LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
● Lung Compliance is increased by . Answer: emphysema, age
● Lung Compliance is increased by . Answer: emphysema, age
● Obesity affects ERV and FRC . Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
● Obesity affects ERV and FRC . Answer: DECREASE
ERV & FRC
● Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) . Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
● Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) . Answer: pulmonary =
systemic
● Anatomic pulmonary shunting . Answer: Bronchial circulation causes
