cc
,Chapter 01: Professional Nursing
ss ss ss
Harding: Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 12th Edition
ss ss ss ss ss
MULTIPLE ssCHOICE
1. The nurse s s completes s s an s s admission s s database s s and s s explains s s that s s the s s plan s s of
ss
s s care s s and ssdischarge ssgoals sswill ssbe ssdeveloped sswith ssthe sspatient‗s ssinput. ssThe sspatient
ssasks, ss―How ssis ssthis ssdifferent ssfrom sswhat ssthe ssphysician ssdoes?‖ ssWhich ssresponse sswould
ssthe ssnurse ssprovide?
a. ―Therole ofthenurseis to ssadministermedications s s and ssothertreatments s s prescribed
cc
s s by ss your ssphysician.‖
b. ―Insaddition sstoscaring for ssyousswhile ssyoussaresick,ssthenursessswillsshelp ssyousplanssto
cc
ssmaintain ss your sshealth.‖
c. ―Thenurse‗sssjobisto sscollectinformationand sscommunicateanyproblems
ssthat ssoccur ssto ssthe ssphysician.‖
d. ―Nursesssperformmanyofssthesameprocedures ssasssthephysician, ssbutssnurses
ssare sswith ssthe sspatients ssfor ssa sslonger sstime ssthan ssthe ssphysician.‖
ANS: s s B
The ssAmerican ssNurses ssAssociation ss(ANA) ssdefinition ssof ssnursing ssdescribes ssthe ssrole ssof
ssnurses ssin sspromoting sshealth. ssThe ssother ssresponses ssdescribe ssdependent ssand sscollaborative
ssfunctions ssof s s the ssnursing ssrole ssbut ssdo ssnot ssaccurately ssdescribe ssthe ssnurse‗s ssunique ssrole
ssin ssthe sshealth sscare sssystem.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel:ssAnalyze ss(Analysis)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssImplementation MSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
2. Whichssstatement ssbythe ssnurse ssaccuratelyssdescribes s s the ssuse ssof ssevidence-based s s practice ss(EBP)?
a. ―Patient care is based sson ssclinical ssjudgment, ssexperience, ssand traditions.‖
cc cc
b. ―Data ssareanalyzed sslatersstossshowssthat ssthesspatient ssoutcomes ssareconsistentlyssmet.‖
c. ―Researchssfrom ssallsspublishedssarticles ssaressused ssas ssassguidessforplanningpatientsscare.‖
d. ―Recommendations ssaressbased sson ssresearch, ssclinical ssexpertise, ssand
ss patient sspreferences.‖
ANS: s s D
Evidence-based sspractice ss(EBP) ssis ssthe ssuse ssof ssthe ssbest ssresearch-based ssevidence sscombined
sswith ssclinician ssexpertise ssand ssconsideration ssof sspatient sspreferences. ssClinical ssjudgment
ssbased sson ssthe ssnurse‗s ssclinical ssexperience ssis sspart ssof ssEBP, ssbut ssclinical ssdecision ssmaking
ssshould ssalso ssincorporate sscurrent ssresearch ssand ssresearch-based ssguidelines. ssEvaluation ssof
sspatient ssoutcomes ssis ssimportant, s s but s s data s s analysis s s is s s not s s required s s to s s use s s EBP. s s All
s s published s s articles s s do s s not ssprovide s s research ssevidence; ssinterventions ssshould ssbe ssbased sson
sscredible ssresearch, sspreferably ssrandomized sscontrolled ssstudies sswith ssa sslarge ssnumber ssof
sssubjects.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
3. Which ssstatement ssbythe ssnursessprovides s s a ssclear ssexplanation ssof ssthe ss nursing ssprocess?
a. ―The nursing process is ssa research ssmethod of ssdiagnosingthepatient‗s sshealth sscare
cc cc cc cc
problems.‖
ss
b. ―The nursing process is ssusedprimarilyto ssexplain ssnursing interventions ssto ssother
cc cc cc
sshealth sscare ssprofessionals.‖
c. ―Thenursingprocess ssis ssa ss problem-solvingtool ssused sstossidentifyand manage ssthe cc
, patients‗ sshealth sscare ssneeds.‖
d. ―The nursing process issbased onsnursingtheorythatincorporates the
cc cc cc cc
ss biopsychosocial ssnature ssof sshumans.‖
ANS: s s C
The ssnursing ssprocess ssis ssa ssproblem-solving ssapproach ssto ssthe ssidentification ssand sstreatment ssof
sspatients‗ ssproblems. ssNursing ssprocess ssdoes ssnot ssrequire ssresearch ssmethods ssfor ssdiagnosis.
ssThe ssprimaryuse ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess ssis ssin sspatient sscare, ssnot ssto ssestablish ssnursing
sstheoryor ssexplain ssnursing ssinterventions ssto ssother sshealth sscare ssprofessionals.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ssNursingsProcess:
ssEvaluation ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
4. Apatientadmitted sstossthe hospital ssforsurgerytells ssthessnurse, ss―I do ssnot ssfeel
cc cc
sscomfortable ssleaving ssmy sschildren sswith ssmy ssparents.‖ ssWhich ssaction sswould ssthe
ssnurse sstake ssnext?
a. Reassurethe sspatient ssthat ss thesessfeelings ssare sscommon ssforssparents.
b. Havessthe sspatient sscall ssthe ss children ssto ssensure ssthat sstheyssare ssdoing sswell.
c. Gatherinformation sson ssthe sspatient‗s ssconcerns ssabout ssthe sschild sscare ssarrangements.
d. Call ssthe sspatient‗s ssparents s s to ssdetermine sswhetherssadequate sschild sscaressis
ssbeing ssprovided.
ANS: s s C
Because ssa sscomplete ssassessment ssis ssnecessary ssin ssorder ssto ssidentify ssa ssproblem ssand sschoose
ssan ssappropriate ssintervention, ssthe ssnurse‗s ssfirst ssaction ssshould ssbe ssto ssobtain ssmore
ssinformation. ssThe ssotherssactions ssmaybe ssappropriate, ssbut ssmore ssassessment ssis ssneeded ssbefore
ssthe ssbest ssintervention sscan ssbe sschosen.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssAnalyze ss(Analysis)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssAssessment MSC: s s NCLEX: ssPsychosocial ssIntegrity
5. A sspatient sswith ssa ssbacterial ssinfection ssis sshypovolemic ssduessto ssa ssfever ssand ssexcessive
diaphoresis. ssWhich ssexpected ssoutcome sswould ssthe ssnurse ssselect ssfor ssthis sspatient?
ss
a. Patient sshas ssassbalanced ssintakessand ssoutput.
b. Patient‗s ssbedding ssis sskept ssclean ssand ssfree ssof ssmoisture.
c. Patient ssunderstands ssthe ssneed ssforsincreased ssfluid ssintake.
d. Patient‗sssskin ssremains sscool ssand ssdrythroughout sshospitalization.
ANS: s s A
Balanced ssintake ssand ssoutput ssgives ssmeasurable ssdata ssshowingssresolution ssofssthe ssproblem ssof
ssdeficient ssfluid ssvolume. ssThe ssother ssstatements sswould ssnot ssindicate ssthat ssthe ssproblem ssof
sshypovolemia sswas ssresolved.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssApply ss(Application) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssPhysiological ssIntegrity
6. Whichssstatement ssdescribes ssthe sspurpose ssof ssthe ssevaluation ssphase ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess?
a. To ssdocument ssthe ssnursing sscare ssplan ssin ssthe ssprogress s s notes ssof ssthe sshealth ss record
b. Tosdetermine ssif ssinterventions sshave ssbeen sseffective ssin ssmeetingsspatient ssoutcomes
c. To ssdecide sswhether ssthe sspatient‗s sshealth ssproblems sshave ssbeen sscompletelyssresolved
d. Tosestablish ssif ssthe sspatient ssagrees ssthat ssthe ssnursingsscare ssprovided sswas sssatisfactory
ANS: s s B
, Evaluation ssconsists ssof ssdetermining sswhether ssthe ssdesired sspatient ssoutcomes sshave ssbeen
ssmet s s and sswhether ssthe ssnursing ssinterventions sswere ssappropriate. ssThe ssother ssresponses
ssdo ssnot ssdescribe ssthe ssevaluation ssphase.
DIF: s s s s Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ss Nursing Process:
ss
ssEvaluation ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
7. Whichsstatement ssdescribes ssthe sspurpose ssof ssthe ssassessment ssphase ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess?
a. Tossteach ssinterventions ssthat ssrelieve sshealth ssproblems
b. To ssusesspatient ssdata ssto ssevaluate sspatient ss caressoutcomes
c. Tosobtain ssdata ssto ssdiagnose sspatient ssstrengths ssand ssproblems
d. Tosshelp ssthe sspatient ssidentifysrealistic ssoutcomes ssfor sshealth ssproblems
ANS: s s C
Duringssthe ssassessment ssphase, ssthe ssnurse ssgathers ssinformation ssabout ssthe sspatient ssto ssdiagnose
sspatient ssstrengths ssand ssproblems. ssThe ssother ssresponses ssare ssexamples ssof ssthe ssplanning,
ssintervention, ssand ssevaluation ssphases ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssAssessment MSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafessandssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
8. When ssdevelopingssthe ssplan ssof sscare, sswhich sscomponents sswould ssthe ssnursesincludessin ssthe
clinical ssproblem ssstatement?
ss
a. Theproblem ssand ssthe sssuggested sspatient s s goals ssor ssoutcomes
b. Thessproblem, ssits sscauses, ssand ssthe sssigns ssand sssymptoms ssofssthe ssproblem
c. Thesproblem sswith ssthe sspossible ssetiologysand ssthe ssplanned ssinterventions
d. Thesproblem, ssits sspathophysiology, ssand ssthe ssexpected ssoutcome
ANS: s s B
When s s writing s s clinical s s problems s s or s s nursing s s diagnoses, s s the s s subjective s s as s s well
s s as s s objective ssdata ssto sssupport ssthe ssproblem‗s ssexistence ssshould ssbe ssincluded. ssGoals,
ssoutcomes, ssand ssinterventions ssare ssnot ssincluded ssin ssthe ssproblem ssstatement.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ssNursingsProcess:
ssDiagnosis ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
9. Whichsspatient sscaresstask ss would ssthe ssnursessdelegate ss to ssexperienced ss assistive sspersonnel ss(AP)?
a. Instruct ssthe sspatient ssabout s s the ssneed ssto ss alternate ss activityand s s rest.
b. Monitor sslevel ssof ssshortness ssof ssbreath ssor ssfatigue ssafter ssambulation.
c. Obtainsthe sspatient‗s ssblood sspressure ssand sspulse ssrate ssafter ssambulation.
d. Determine sswhether ssthe sspatient ssis ssreadyto ssincrease ssthe ssactivitylevel.
ANS: s s C
AP sseducationssincludes ssaccurate ssvital sssign ssmeasurement.ssAssessment ssand sspatient ssteaching
ssrequire ssregistered ssnurse sseducation ssand ssscope ssof sspractice ssand sscannot ssbe ssdelegated.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssApply ss(Application) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
,Chapter 01: Professional Nursing
ss ss ss
Harding: Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 12th Edition
ss ss ss ss ss
MULTIPLE ssCHOICE
1. The nurse s s completes s s an s s admission s s database s s and s s explains s s that s s the s s plan s s of
ss
s s care s s and ssdischarge ssgoals sswill ssbe ssdeveloped sswith ssthe sspatient‗s ssinput. ssThe sspatient
ssasks, ss―How ssis ssthis ssdifferent ssfrom sswhat ssthe ssphysician ssdoes?‖ ssWhich ssresponse sswould
ssthe ssnurse ssprovide?
a. ―Therole ofthenurseis to ssadministermedications s s and ssothertreatments s s prescribed
cc
s s by ss your ssphysician.‖
b. ―Insaddition sstoscaring for ssyousswhile ssyoussaresick,ssthenursessswillsshelp ssyousplanssto
cc
ssmaintain ss your sshealth.‖
c. ―Thenurse‗sssjobisto sscollectinformationand sscommunicateanyproblems
ssthat ssoccur ssto ssthe ssphysician.‖
d. ―Nursesssperformmanyofssthesameprocedures ssasssthephysician, ssbutssnurses
ssare sswith ssthe sspatients ssfor ssa sslonger sstime ssthan ssthe ssphysician.‖
ANS: s s B
The ssAmerican ssNurses ssAssociation ss(ANA) ssdefinition ssof ssnursing ssdescribes ssthe ssrole ssof
ssnurses ssin sspromoting sshealth. ssThe ssother ssresponses ssdescribe ssdependent ssand sscollaborative
ssfunctions ssof s s the ssnursing ssrole ssbut ssdo ssnot ssaccurately ssdescribe ssthe ssnurse‗s ssunique ssrole
ssin ssthe sshealth sscare sssystem.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel:ssAnalyze ss(Analysis)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssImplementation MSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
2. Whichssstatement ssbythe ssnurse ssaccuratelyssdescribes s s the ssuse ssof ssevidence-based s s practice ss(EBP)?
a. ―Patient care is based sson ssclinical ssjudgment, ssexperience, ssand traditions.‖
cc cc
b. ―Data ssareanalyzed sslatersstossshowssthat ssthesspatient ssoutcomes ssareconsistentlyssmet.‖
c. ―Researchssfrom ssallsspublishedssarticles ssaressused ssas ssassguidessforplanningpatientsscare.‖
d. ―Recommendations ssaressbased sson ssresearch, ssclinical ssexpertise, ssand
ss patient sspreferences.‖
ANS: s s D
Evidence-based sspractice ss(EBP) ssis ssthe ssuse ssof ssthe ssbest ssresearch-based ssevidence sscombined
sswith ssclinician ssexpertise ssand ssconsideration ssof sspatient sspreferences. ssClinical ssjudgment
ssbased sson ssthe ssnurse‗s ssclinical ssexperience ssis sspart ssof ssEBP, ssbut ssclinical ssdecision ssmaking
ssshould ssalso ssincorporate sscurrent ssresearch ssand ssresearch-based ssguidelines. ssEvaluation ssof
sspatient ssoutcomes ssis ssimportant, s s but s s data s s analysis s s is s s not s s required s s to s s use s s EBP. s s All
s s published s s articles s s do s s not ssprovide s s research ssevidence; ssinterventions ssshould ssbe ssbased sson
sscredible ssresearch, sspreferably ssrandomized sscontrolled ssstudies sswith ssa sslarge ssnumber ssof
sssubjects.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
3. Which ssstatement ssbythe ssnursessprovides s s a ssclear ssexplanation ssof ssthe ss nursing ssprocess?
a. ―The nursing process is ssa research ssmethod of ssdiagnosingthepatient‗s sshealth sscare
cc cc cc cc
problems.‖
ss
b. ―The nursing process is ssusedprimarilyto ssexplain ssnursing interventions ssto ssother
cc cc cc
sshealth sscare ssprofessionals.‖
c. ―Thenursingprocess ssis ssa ss problem-solvingtool ssused sstossidentifyand manage ssthe cc
, patients‗ sshealth sscare ssneeds.‖
d. ―The nursing process issbased onsnursingtheorythatincorporates the
cc cc cc cc
ss biopsychosocial ssnature ssof sshumans.‖
ANS: s s C
The ssnursing ssprocess ssis ssa ssproblem-solving ssapproach ssto ssthe ssidentification ssand sstreatment ssof
sspatients‗ ssproblems. ssNursing ssprocess ssdoes ssnot ssrequire ssresearch ssmethods ssfor ssdiagnosis.
ssThe ssprimaryuse ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess ssis ssin sspatient sscare, ssnot ssto ssestablish ssnursing
sstheoryor ssexplain ssnursing ssinterventions ssto ssother sshealth sscare ssprofessionals.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ssNursingsProcess:
ssEvaluation ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
4. Apatientadmitted sstossthe hospital ssforsurgerytells ssthessnurse, ss―I do ssnot ssfeel
cc cc
sscomfortable ssleaving ssmy sschildren sswith ssmy ssparents.‖ ssWhich ssaction sswould ssthe
ssnurse sstake ssnext?
a. Reassurethe sspatient ssthat ss thesessfeelings ssare sscommon ssforssparents.
b. Havessthe sspatient sscall ssthe ss children ssto ssensure ssthat sstheyssare ssdoing sswell.
c. Gatherinformation sson ssthe sspatient‗s ssconcerns ssabout ssthe sschild sscare ssarrangements.
d. Call ssthe sspatient‗s ssparents s s to ssdetermine sswhetherssadequate sschild sscaressis
ssbeing ssprovided.
ANS: s s C
Because ssa sscomplete ssassessment ssis ssnecessary ssin ssorder ssto ssidentify ssa ssproblem ssand sschoose
ssan ssappropriate ssintervention, ssthe ssnurse‗s ssfirst ssaction ssshould ssbe ssto ssobtain ssmore
ssinformation. ssThe ssotherssactions ssmaybe ssappropriate, ssbut ssmore ssassessment ssis ssneeded ssbefore
ssthe ssbest ssintervention sscan ssbe sschosen.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssAnalyze ss(Analysis)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssAssessment MSC: s s NCLEX: ssPsychosocial ssIntegrity
5. A sspatient sswith ssa ssbacterial ssinfection ssis sshypovolemic ssduessto ssa ssfever ssand ssexcessive
diaphoresis. ssWhich ssexpected ssoutcome sswould ssthe ssnurse ssselect ssfor ssthis sspatient?
ss
a. Patient sshas ssassbalanced ssintakessand ssoutput.
b. Patient‗s ssbedding ssis sskept ssclean ssand ssfree ssof ssmoisture.
c. Patient ssunderstands ssthe ssneed ssforsincreased ssfluid ssintake.
d. Patient‗sssskin ssremains sscool ssand ssdrythroughout sshospitalization.
ANS: s s A
Balanced ssintake ssand ssoutput ssgives ssmeasurable ssdata ssshowingssresolution ssofssthe ssproblem ssof
ssdeficient ssfluid ssvolume. ssThe ssother ssstatements sswould ssnot ssindicate ssthat ssthe ssproblem ssof
sshypovolemia sswas ssresolved.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssApply ss(Application) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssPhysiological ssIntegrity
6. Whichssstatement ssdescribes ssthe sspurpose ssof ssthe ssevaluation ssphase ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess?
a. To ssdocument ssthe ssnursing sscare ssplan ssin ssthe ssprogress s s notes ssof ssthe sshealth ss record
b. Tosdetermine ssif ssinterventions sshave ssbeen sseffective ssin ssmeetingsspatient ssoutcomes
c. To ssdecide sswhether ssthe sspatient‗s sshealth ssproblems sshave ssbeen sscompletelyssresolved
d. Tosestablish ssif ssthe sspatient ssagrees ssthat ssthe ssnursingsscare ssprovided sswas sssatisfactory
ANS: s s B
, Evaluation ssconsists ssof ssdetermining sswhether ssthe ssdesired sspatient ssoutcomes sshave ssbeen
ssmet s s and sswhether ssthe ssnursing ssinterventions sswere ssappropriate. ssThe ssother ssresponses
ssdo ssnot ssdescribe ssthe ssevaluation ssphase.
DIF: s s s s Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ss Nursing Process:
ss
ssEvaluation ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
7. Whichsstatement ssdescribes ssthe sspurpose ssof ssthe ssassessment ssphase ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess?
a. Tossteach ssinterventions ssthat ssrelieve sshealth ssproblems
b. To ssusesspatient ssdata ssto ssevaluate sspatient ss caressoutcomes
c. Tosobtain ssdata ssto ssdiagnose sspatient ssstrengths ssand ssproblems
d. Tosshelp ssthe sspatient ssidentifysrealistic ssoutcomes ssfor sshealth ssproblems
ANS: s s C
Duringssthe ssassessment ssphase, ssthe ssnurse ssgathers ssinformation ssabout ssthe sspatient ssto ssdiagnose
sspatient ssstrengths ssand ssproblems. ssThe ssother ssresponses ssare ssexamples ssof ssthe ssplanning,
ssintervention, ssand ssevaluation ssphases ssof ssthe ssnursing ssprocess.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension)
TOP: NursingssProcess: ssAssessment MSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafessandssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
8. When ssdevelopingssthe ssplan ssof sscare, sswhich sscomponents sswould ssthe ssnursesincludessin ssthe
clinical ssproblem ssstatement?
ss
a. Theproblem ssand ssthe sssuggested sspatient s s goals ssor ssoutcomes
b. Thessproblem, ssits sscauses, ssand ssthe sssigns ssand sssymptoms ssofssthe ssproblem
c. Thesproblem sswith ssthe sspossible ssetiologysand ssthe ssplanned ssinterventions
d. Thesproblem, ssits sspathophysiology, ssand ssthe ssexpected ssoutcome
ANS: s s B
When s s writing s s clinical s s problems s s or s s nursing s s diagnoses, s s the s s subjective s s as s s well
s s as s s objective ssdata ssto sssupport ssthe ssproblem‗s ssexistence ssshould ssbe ssincluded. ssGoals,
ssoutcomes, ssand ssinterventions ssare ssnot ssincluded ssin ssthe ssproblem ssstatement.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssUnderstand ss(Comprehension) TOP: ssNursingsProcess:
ssDiagnosis ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
9. Whichsspatient sscaresstask ss would ssthe ssnursessdelegate ss to ssexperienced ss assistive sspersonnel ss(AP)?
a. Instruct ssthe sspatient ssabout s s the ssneed ssto ss alternate ss activityand s s rest.
b. Monitor sslevel ssof ssshortness ssof ssbreath ssor ssfatigue ssafter ssambulation.
c. Obtainsthe sspatient‗s ssblood sspressure ssand sspulse ssrate ssafter ssambulation.
d. Determine sswhether ssthe sspatient ssis ssreadyto ssincrease ssthe ssactivitylevel.
ANS: s s C
AP sseducationssincludes ssaccurate ssvital sssign ssmeasurement.ssAssessment ssand sspatient ssteaching
ssrequire ssregistered ssnurse sseducation ssand ssscope ssof sspractice ssand sscannot ssbe ssdelegated.
DIF: Cognitive ssLevel: ssApply ss(Application) TOP: ss NursingsProcess:
ssPlanning ssMSC: s s NCLEX: ssSafe ssand ssEffective ssCare ssEnvironment
