1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
If the surface barriers such as the skin or mucus membranes are breached, the second line
of defense in innate immunity is the:
A) lymph node.
B) lymphocyte response.
C) inflammatory response.
D) memory cells. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
If a person has innate resistance to a disease, the person has immunity.
A) natural
B) native
C) active acquired
D) passive - CORRECT ANSWER-a
A child fell off the swing and scraped her knee. The injured area becomes red and painful.
Which of the following would also occur?
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Fluid movement from tissue to vessels
D) Edema at injured site - CORRECT ANSWER-d
The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response
through the process of:
A) cytokinesis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
,2
D) hemolysis. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area became inflamed and sore to
touch. Which of the following would result from activation of the plasma system secondary
to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion - CORRECT ANSWER-c
A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the
following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this
advanced inflammatory response?
A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous - CORRECT ANSWER-d
In contrast with the inflammatory response, the immune response:
A) is more effective at fighting microorganisms.
B) is faster.
C) recognizes specific invaders.
D) has no memory. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
The primary cell of immunity is the:
A) mast cell.
B) macrophage.
C) neutrophil.
D) lymphocyte. - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Humoral immunity is generated through the process of:
A) direct cell lysis.
,3
B) stimulating an inflammatory response.
C) producing antibodies.
D) secreting toxic molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
If a person has resistance to a disease from natural exposure to an antigen, the person has
which form of immunity?
A) Natural
B) Innate
C) Passive acquired
D) Active naturally acquired - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Molecules that are capable of inducing an immune response are called:
A) lymphocytes.
B) haptens.
C) antigens.
D) antibodies. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
Which of the following is an example of an endogenous antigen?
A) Poison ivy
B) Injected medications
C) Pollen
D) The body's own tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-d
The condition in which the immune cells attack the individual's own tissues as if they were
invaders is called:
A) alloimmunity.
B) autoimmunity.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) graft rejection. - CORRECT ANSWER-b
Immune cells distinguish "self" from "nonself" by recognizing:
, 4
A) cellular RNA.
B) major histocompatibility antigens.
C) different types of phospholipids in a cell's membrane.
D) "nonself" enzymes secreted by foreign cells. - CORRECT ANSWER-b
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) antigens are found on which of the following cells?
A) Red blood cells
B) B lymphocytes and macrophages only
C) All body cells except for red blood cells
D) Liver, heart, and bone marrow cells only - CORRECT ANSWER-c
Which of the following cells has the capacity to produce antibodies during an immune
response?
A) Plasma cells
B) T cells
C) Memory cells
D) Pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWER-a
Which cell ingests microorganisms for the purposes of presenting their antigen to the
immune system and activating an immune response?
A) Helper T cell
B) Mast cell
C) Neutrophil
D) Macrophage - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Which cell stimulates both the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses?
A) Plasma cells
B) Cytotoxic T cells
C) B lymphocytes
D) Helper T cells - CORRECT ANSWER-d
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
If the surface barriers such as the skin or mucus membranes are breached, the second line
of defense in innate immunity is the:
A) lymph node.
B) lymphocyte response.
C) inflammatory response.
D) memory cells. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
If a person has innate resistance to a disease, the person has immunity.
A) natural
B) native
C) active acquired
D) passive - CORRECT ANSWER-a
A child fell off the swing and scraped her knee. The injured area becomes red and painful.
Which of the following would also occur?
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Fluid movement from tissue to vessels
D) Edema at injured site - CORRECT ANSWER-d
The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response
through the process of:
A) cytokinesis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
,2
D) hemolysis. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area became inflamed and sore to
touch. Which of the following would result from activation of the plasma system secondary
to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion - CORRECT ANSWER-c
A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the
following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this
advanced inflammatory response?
A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous - CORRECT ANSWER-d
In contrast with the inflammatory response, the immune response:
A) is more effective at fighting microorganisms.
B) is faster.
C) recognizes specific invaders.
D) has no memory. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
The primary cell of immunity is the:
A) mast cell.
B) macrophage.
C) neutrophil.
D) lymphocyte. - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Humoral immunity is generated through the process of:
A) direct cell lysis.
,3
B) stimulating an inflammatory response.
C) producing antibodies.
D) secreting toxic molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
If a person has resistance to a disease from natural exposure to an antigen, the person has
which form of immunity?
A) Natural
B) Innate
C) Passive acquired
D) Active naturally acquired - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Molecules that are capable of inducing an immune response are called:
A) lymphocytes.
B) haptens.
C) antigens.
D) antibodies. - CORRECT ANSWER-c
Which of the following is an example of an endogenous antigen?
A) Poison ivy
B) Injected medications
C) Pollen
D) The body's own tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-d
The condition in which the immune cells attack the individual's own tissues as if they were
invaders is called:
A) alloimmunity.
B) autoimmunity.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) graft rejection. - CORRECT ANSWER-b
Immune cells distinguish "self" from "nonself" by recognizing:
, 4
A) cellular RNA.
B) major histocompatibility antigens.
C) different types of phospholipids in a cell's membrane.
D) "nonself" enzymes secreted by foreign cells. - CORRECT ANSWER-b
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) antigens are found on which of the following cells?
A) Red blood cells
B) B lymphocytes and macrophages only
C) All body cells except for red blood cells
D) Liver, heart, and bone marrow cells only - CORRECT ANSWER-c
Which of the following cells has the capacity to produce antibodies during an immune
response?
A) Plasma cells
B) T cells
C) Memory cells
D) Pluripotent cells - CORRECT ANSWER-a
Which cell ingests microorganisms for the purposes of presenting their antigen to the
immune system and activating an immune response?
A) Helper T cell
B) Mast cell
C) Neutrophil
D) Macrophage - CORRECT ANSWER-d
Which cell stimulates both the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses?
A) Plasma cells
B) Cytotoxic T cells
C) B lymphocytes
D) Helper T cells - CORRECT ANSWER-d
