1
NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY NURSING EXAM
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
(2026-27 LATEST VERSION)
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet.
Which food should the nurse advise to avoid?
A. Fresh apple
B. Boiled chicken
C. Canned soup
D. Steamed vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Canned soups are high in sodium, which can worsen fluid
retention and hypertension in heart failure patients.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes needs dietary education.
Which snack is most appropriate?
A. Chocolate bar
B. Potato chips
C. Apple slices with peanut butter
D. White bread sandwich
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
High-fiber fruits paired with protein help stabilize blood
glucose levels, unlike refined carbohydrates or sugary snacks.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is on a low-protein
diet. Nursing priority?
A. Encourage unlimited protein
B. Monitor lab values (BUN, creatinine) and limit high-protein
foods
C. Ignore diet
D. Encourage red meat consumption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Reduced protein intake helps slow progression of CKD while
monitoring labs ensures safety.
4. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing in
older adults?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fats
,3
C. Protein
D. Sodium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Protein provides amino acids essential for tissue repair and
collagen synthesis.
5. A patient with celiac disease asks which grains are safe.
Nurse’s response?
A. Wheat and barley
B. Rye and malt
C. Rice and corn
D. Oats containing gluten
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rice and corn are gluten-free and safe for celiac patients;
wheat, rye, and barley contain gluten, which triggers
autoimmune reactions.
6. A patient is receiving enteral feeding via NG tube. Nursing
consideration?
, 4
A. Lay patient flat
B. Elevate head of bed to 30–45° to reduce aspiration risk
C. Flush tubing only once per day
D. Ignore gastric residuals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Elevating the head prevents aspiration pneumonia, a common
complication of enteral feeding.
7. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Vitamin A is essential for retinal function; deficiency leads to
night blindness and xerophthalmia.
8. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow the DASH
diet. Key component?
NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY NURSING EXAM
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
(2026-27 LATEST VERSION)
1. A patient with heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet.
Which food should the nurse advise to avoid?
A. Fresh apple
B. Boiled chicken
C. Canned soup
D. Steamed vegetables
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Canned soups are high in sodium, which can worsen fluid
retention and hypertension in heart failure patients.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes needs dietary education.
Which snack is most appropriate?
A. Chocolate bar
B. Potato chips
C. Apple slices with peanut butter
D. White bread sandwich
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
High-fiber fruits paired with protein help stabilize blood
glucose levels, unlike refined carbohydrates or sugary snacks.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is on a low-protein
diet. Nursing priority?
A. Encourage unlimited protein
B. Monitor lab values (BUN, creatinine) and limit high-protein
foods
C. Ignore diet
D. Encourage red meat consumption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Reduced protein intake helps slow progression of CKD while
monitoring labs ensures safety.
4. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing in
older adults?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fats
,3
C. Protein
D. Sodium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Protein provides amino acids essential for tissue repair and
collagen synthesis.
5. A patient with celiac disease asks which grains are safe.
Nurse’s response?
A. Wheat and barley
B. Rye and malt
C. Rice and corn
D. Oats containing gluten
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rice and corn are gluten-free and safe for celiac patients;
wheat, rye, and barley contain gluten, which triggers
autoimmune reactions.
6. A patient is receiving enteral feeding via NG tube. Nursing
consideration?
, 4
A. Lay patient flat
B. Elevate head of bed to 30–45° to reduce aspiration risk
C. Flush tubing only once per day
D. Ignore gastric residuals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Elevating the head prevents aspiration pneumonia, a common
complication of enteral feeding.
7. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Vitamin A is essential for retinal function; deficiency leads to
night blindness and xerophthalmia.
8. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow the DASH
diet. Key component?
