Biology 1450 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
character |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |observable |heritable |feature
trait |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |of |two |or |more |detectable |variants |in |a |genetic |character
gene |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |discrete |unit |of |hereditary |information |consisting |of |a |specific |
nucleotide |sequence |in |DNA
allele |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |of |the |alternative |version |of |a |gene |that |may |produce |
distinguishable |phenotypic |effects
genotype |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |genetic |makeup, |or |set |of |alleles, |of |an |organism
phenotype |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-observable |physical |and |physiological |traits |of |an |
organism, |which |are |determined |by |its |genetic |makeup
pleiotropy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |gene |has |multiple |effects
epistasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |type |of |gene |interaction |in |which |the |phenotypic |
expression |of |one |gene |alters |that |of |another |independently |inherited |gene
polygenic |inheritance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |additive |effect |of |two |or |more |genes |on |a |
single |phenotypic |character
, autosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chromosome |that |is |not |directly |involved |in |determining
|sex; |not |a |sex |chromosome
linked |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |located |close |enough |together |on |a |chromosome |
that |they |tend |to |be |inherited |together
aneuploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |an |abnormal |number |of |chromosomes
monosomy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |only |one |copy |of |one |chromosome |(as |
opposed |to |two |copies)
triploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |an |extra |copy |of |one |chromosome |in |addition
|to |the |normal |pair
genomic |imprinting |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-expression |of |an |allele |in |offspring |depends |on |
whether |the |allele |is |inherited |from |the |male |or |female |parent
cytoplasmic |inheritance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-inheritance |of |non-nuclear |genes, |where |
organelles |(like |mitochondria) |are |inherited |through |the |"egg" |gamete, |which |carries |the |
major |part |of |the |cytoplasm |for |the |resulting |zygote
DNA |polymerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |enzyme |that |catalyzes |the |elongation |of |new |
DNA |by |the |addition |of |nucleotides |to |the |3' |end |of |an |existing |chain
leading |strand |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |discontinuously |synthesized |DNA |strand |that |
elongates |by |means |of |Okazaki |fragments, |each |synthesized |in |a |5' |to |3' |direction |away |from |
the |replication |fork
replication |fork |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |Y-shaped |region |on |a |replicating |DNA |molecule |
where |the |parental |strands |are |being |unwound |and |new |strands |are |being |synthesized
Correct Answers
character |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |observable |heritable |feature
trait |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |of |two |or |more |detectable |variants |in |a |genetic |character
gene |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |discrete |unit |of |hereditary |information |consisting |of |a |specific |
nucleotide |sequence |in |DNA
allele |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-any |of |the |alternative |version |of |a |gene |that |may |produce |
distinguishable |phenotypic |effects
genotype |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |genetic |makeup, |or |set |of |alleles, |of |an |organism
phenotype |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-observable |physical |and |physiological |traits |of |an |
organism, |which |are |determined |by |its |genetic |makeup
pleiotropy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |gene |has |multiple |effects
epistasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |type |of |gene |interaction |in |which |the |phenotypic |
expression |of |one |gene |alters |that |of |another |independently |inherited |gene
polygenic |inheritance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |additive |effect |of |two |or |more |genes |on |a |
single |phenotypic |character
, autosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |chromosome |that |is |not |directly |involved |in |determining
|sex; |not |a |sex |chromosome
linked |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-genes |located |close |enough |together |on |a |chromosome |
that |they |tend |to |be |inherited |together
aneuploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |an |abnormal |number |of |chromosomes
monosomy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |only |one |copy |of |one |chromosome |(as |
opposed |to |two |copies)
triploidy |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |there |is |an |extra |copy |of |one |chromosome |in |addition
|to |the |normal |pair
genomic |imprinting |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-expression |of |an |allele |in |offspring |depends |on |
whether |the |allele |is |inherited |from |the |male |or |female |parent
cytoplasmic |inheritance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-inheritance |of |non-nuclear |genes, |where |
organelles |(like |mitochondria) |are |inherited |through |the |"egg" |gamete, |which |carries |the |
major |part |of |the |cytoplasm |for |the |resulting |zygote
DNA |polymerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |enzyme |that |catalyzes |the |elongation |of |new |
DNA |by |the |addition |of |nucleotides |to |the |3' |end |of |an |existing |chain
leading |strand |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |discontinuously |synthesized |DNA |strand |that |
elongates |by |means |of |Okazaki |fragments, |each |synthesized |in |a |5' |to |3' |direction |away |from |
the |replication |fork
replication |fork |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |Y-shaped |region |on |a |replicating |DNA |molecule |
where |the |parental |strands |are |being |unwound |and |new |strands |are |being |synthesized
