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Exam (elaborations)

NR 412 Exam 4 -Patho COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE

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NR 412 Exam 4 -Patho COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE

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NRsd412sdExamsd4sd[Patho]


Neuronsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Primarysdinformationsdandsdcommunicationsdcell


Whatsdaresdthesd3sdcomponentssdofsdasdneuron?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
1..sd*Cellsdbody*sd(locatedsdmainlysdinsdCNS)
2.sd*Dendrites*sd(Receivesdstimuli)
3.sd*Axons*sd(Passsdstimulisdtosdnextsdcell)


Whatsddosduppersdmotorsdneuronssdcontrol?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Finesdmotorsdmovementssdandsdreflexsdarcs


Whatsddosdlowersdmotorsdneuronssdcontrol?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Havesddirectsdinfluencesdonsdmuscles


Whatsdaresdsomesdthingssdthatsdhappensdtosdthesdbrainsdwithsdage?sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -Increasesdinsdblood-
brainsdbarriersdpermeabilitysd(resultssdinsdincreasedsdinflammatorysdresponses
dandsdstructuralsddamage)



-Declinesdinsdepisodicsdmemory
-Prevalencesdofsdpainsdincreases

,DegenerativesdDisksdDiseasesd(DDD)sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -
Resultssdinsddehydrationsdofsddisc,sddiminishedsdbloodsdsupply,sdalteredsddiscsd
structuresdandsdfunctionsd
-Common,sdconsideredsdprocesssdofsdagingsdalongsdwithsdgeneticsdcomponent


Spondylolysissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -
Structuralsddefectsdinsdconnectionsdbetweensdvertebrae
-
Cansdleadsdtosdsmallsdstresssdfracturessdinsdvertebraesdthatsdcansdleadsdtosdspond
ylolisthesis



Spondylolisthesissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Asdvertebraesdslidessdforwardsdandsdontosdvertebrasdbelow



Spinalsdstenosissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Narrowingsdofsdthesdspinalsdcanalsdthatsdputssdpressuresdonsdthesdcord


Radiculopathysd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Pinchingsdofsdasdnervesdrootsdinsdthesdspinalsdcolumn



Hypotoniasd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -Lesssdthansdnormalsdmusclesdtone

-Occurssdduesdtosddiminishedsdnervesdimpulsessdneededsdforsdmusclesdtone

, -
Musclesdmasssdmaysdeventuallysdatrophysdandsdbesdreplacedsdwithsdconnectiv
esdtissue



Flacciditysd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ Absentsdmusclesdtone



3sdtypessdofsdHypertoniasd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
1.sd*Spasticity*:sdIncreasesdinsdtonesdandsdresistance
2.sd*Rigidity*:sdResistancesdtosdpassivesdmovement
3.sd*Tetany*:sdInvoluntarysdcontractionsdofsdmuscles


Hypertoniasd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -Greatersdthansdnormalsdmusclesdtone

-Hypertonicsdstatesdusessdlotssdofsdenergy


3sdcausessdofsdAlterationsdinsdMovementsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
1.sdAlterationsdinsdCNSsdtosdmusclesdcommunication
2.sdDopaminesdlevelssd(lowsd/high)
3.sdACHsdlevelssdduesdtosdnicotinicsdreceptorsdactivationsdinsdmuscles



Paresissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ Musclesdweakness

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