NR 412 Exam 3 Cardio, Aneurysm, Diabetes

NRsd412sdExamsd3sdCardio,sdAneurysm,sdDiabetes


WhatsdaresdthesdtwosdfunctionssdofsdthesdPancreassdandsdwhatsddoe
ssdthesdIsletsdofsdLangerhanssd(IoL)sddo?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Exocrinesd(secretessdintosdductssdleadingsdtosdtissue)sdfunctionsdw
hichsdsecretessdpancreaticsdandsddigestivesdenzymes.
Endocrinesd(secretessdintosdblood)sdsecretessdhormones.sdOnesdofsd
whichsdissdthesdIoLsdwhichsdhassdbetasdcellssdthatsdsecretesdinsulin
sdandsdalphasdcellssdthatsdsecretesdglucagon.


WhatsdoccurssdinsdthesdPancreassdwhensdbloodsdglucosesdgetssdtoos
dhighsdandsdwhatsdhappenssdaftersdthis?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Betasdcellssdinsdthesdisletsdsecretesdinsulinsdtosddrivesdstoragesdof
sdglucosesdinsdcells.sdInsulinsdstimulatessdglycogenesissdandsdlipoge
nesissdinsdcellssdandsdalsosdproteinsdsynthesissd(thatsdhelpssdmakesd
thesesdmolecules).sdInsulinsdinhibitssdglycogenolysis,sdlipolysis,sdand
sdproteinsdbreakdown.


WhatsdaresdthesdnormalsdrangessdofsdBloodsdglucosesdandsdwhatsdo
ccurssdwhensdyousdgetsdoutsidesdofsdthesesdnumbers?sdHowsddoess
dyoursdbodysdcounteractsdInsulin?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ 80-
120mg/dl.sdIfsdyousdgosdover,sdyoursdbodysdstoressdglucosesdassdfa
t.sdIfsdyousdgosdundersdyoursdbodysdwillsdstartsdtosdusesdmusclesda
ssdfuelsd&sdenergysdlevelssdwillsddecrease.sdIfsdyousdstaysdwithinsd
thesdlevelssdyousdreleasesdfatsdtosddealsdwithsdneedsdforsdnormalsd
Energysdandsdeliminatesdcravingssdandsdinc.sdEnergy.

,Hormonessdlikesdglucagon,sdepinephrine,sdgrowthsdhormone,sdandsd
cortisolsdopposesdinsulinsdandsdstimulatesdglusdproductionsdandsdrel
easesdinsdliver,sddec.sdmovementsdofsdglusdintosdcell,sdandsdmaintai
nsdnormalsdbloodsdglusdlevels.


Whatsdaresdthesd2sdclassessdofsdDiabetessdandsdwhatsdaresdthesdcha
racteristicssdofsdeach?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Typesd1sddiabetessdissdasdgeneticsdautoimmunesddestructionsdofsd
Betasdcellssdwhichsdleadssdtosdeventualsdabsolutesdinsulinsddeficienc
y.sd75%sdoccurssdinsdpeoplesdundersd18sdandsdmakessdupsd5-
10%sdofsdpeoplesdwithsddiabetes.
Typesd2sdissdansdacquiredsdunderactivitysdofsdBetasdcellssdwhichsdt
hensddosdnotsdreleasesdenoughsdinsulinsdandsdthesdbodysdbecomessd
resistantsdtosdthissdinsulin.


WhatsdfactorssdleadsdtosdTypesd1sddiabetes?sdHowsdwillsdyousdkno
wsdsomeonesdhassdTypesd1sddiabetes?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
GeneticssdthatsdhavesdcertainsdtissuesdtypessdHLA-
DQsd&sdDRsdandsdoncesdtheysdaresdexposedsdasdviralsdinfectionsdt
hesdbodysdstartssdkillingsdBetasdcells.
YousdwillsdnotsdknowsduntilsdBetasdcellssdaresdkilledsd(mo.-
yr.).sdThensdoncesdallsdBetasdcellssdaresdgone,sdPolyuria,sdPolydipsi
asd(thirst),sdandsdPolyphagiasd(hunger).sdPolyphagiasdoccurssdbecaus
esdthesdcellssdaresdstarvingsdwithoutsdglucose.
Thesdpersonsdwillsdhavesdweightsdloss,sdfatigue,sdinc.sdinfection,sda
ndsdbesdinsulinsddependent.

, WhatsdissdthesdcausesdofsdTypesd2sddiabetes?sdWhatsdaresdsomesdr
isksdfactors?sdHowsddoessdthesdonsetsdofsdTypesd2sddiabetessdmani
fest?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Typesd2sdissdcausedsdbysdeithersdansdinsufficientsdamountsdofsdin
sulinsdproductionsdorsdpoorsdutilization/resistancesdofsdit.
Obesitysdandsddec.sdphysicalsdactivitysdinc.sdrisk,sdbutsdsosddosdgen
eticssdinsdfamilysdhistorysdandsdrace.
ConsistentsdHyperglycemiasdissdpresentsdinsdthesesdpt.,sdbutsdmights
dnotsdbesddiagnosedsdforsdyr.sdTheysdwillsdhavesdfatigue,sdinc.sdinf
ection,sdvisualsdchangessdandsdthesd3sdP'ssd(uria,sddipsia,sd&sdphag
ia).


Whatsdaresdthesdfoursdpossiblesdmajorsdmetabolicsdabnormalitiessdin
sdTypesd2sddiabetes?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
1.sdInsulinsdresistance
2.sdDecreasedsdPancreassdproductionsdofsdinsulin
3.sdInappropriatesdglusdproductionsdinsdliver
4.sdAlterationsdinsdproductionsdofsdhormonessdandsdadipokines.


WhatsdissdOsmoticsdDiuresis,sdwhatsdissditsdcausedsdby,sdandsdwhat
sdissditsdasdsymptomsdof?sdWhatsdaresdsymptomssdofsdHyperglyce
mia?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
OsmoticsdDiuresissdissdincreasedsdurinationsd(andsdthereforesdthirst
)sdduesdtosdthesdincreasedsdpresencesdofsdsolutessdcreatedsdbysdkidn