PathosdNSGsd533sdExamsd3
(5)sdNon-modifiablesdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
(1)sdAgesd
(2)sdGender
(3)sdEthnicity
(4)sdFamilysdhistory
(5)sdGeneticsdpredisposition
(6)sdTraditionalsdmodifiablesdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ (1)sdDyslipidemiasd(abnormalsdserumsdlipoproteins)
(2)sdHTNsd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdmyocardialsdhypertrophy)
(3)sdCigarettesdSmokingsd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdoxygensdradicals)
(4)sdDiabetessd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdvesselsdwallsddamage)
(5)sdObesity/SedentarysdLifestylesd(strongestsdlinksdtosdCAD)
(6)sdAtherogenicsdDietsd(highsdinsdsalt,sdfat,sdtranssdfat,sdcarbs)
(10)sdNovelsdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
(1)sdMarkerssdofsdInflammation,sdischemiasdandsdthrombosissd(c-
reactivesdprotein,sdtroponin,sdfibrinogen)
(2)sdAdipokinessd(adiponectin,sdleptin)
(3)sdCKDsd(assdGFRsddeclines,sdrisksdforsdCADsdincreases)
,(4)sdAirsdPollutionsdandsdIonizingsdRadiation
(5)sdMedicationssd(NSAIDSsdincreasesdrisksdforsdCAD)
(6)sdCoronarysdArterysdCalcificationsdandsdCarotidsdArterysdWallsdThickness
(7)sdMicrobiomesd(diet/lifestyle)
(8)sdElevatedsdFibrinogensd(inflammatorysdmarker)
(9)sdElevatedsdLDLsdparticlesdnumbersd(cholesterolsdconcentrationsdwithinsdp
articles)
(10)sdSmall,sddensesdLDLssd(vs.sdlargesdfluffysdlipoprotein)
Lipidssd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Referssdtosdcholesterolsdinsdparticular.sdRequiredsdbysdmostsdcellssdforsdmanu
facture/repairsdofsdplasmasdmembranes.sd
HighsddietarysdintakesdofsdcholesterolsdandsdfatssdresultssdinsdhighsdlevelssdofsdL
DLsdinsdthesdbloodstream,sdwhichsdcansdleadsdtosdAtherosclerosissdandsdcontrib
utesdtosdCAD
Lipoproteinssd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Referssdtosdlipids,sdphospholipids,sdcholesterol,sdandsdtriglyceridessdboundsd
tosdcarriersdproteins.
-sdLDLsd(low-
densitysdlipoprotein):sdcontainsdmostlysdcholesterolsdandsdprotein.
,-sdHDLsd(high-densitysdlipoprotein):sdmainlysdphospholipidssdandsdprotein
-sdVLDLsd(very-low-
densitysdlipoprotein):sdmainlysdtriglyceridesdandsdprotein
Atherosclerosissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -
sdProgressive,sdmultifactorialsddiseasesdprocesssdthatsdgenerallysdbeginssdinsdc
hildhood;sdclinicalsdmanifestationssdoccursdinsdmiddlesdtosdlatesdadulthood,sdth
atsdresultssdinsdthesdvariablesdcompositionsdofsdlesions
-
Highsddietarysdintakesdofsdcholesterolsdandsdfatssdresultssdinsdhighsdlevelssdofsd
sd
LDLsdinsdthesdbloodstream.sdLDLsdoxidation,sdmigrationsdintosdthesdvesselsdw
all,sdandsdphagocytosissdbysdmacrophagessdresultsdinsdfattysddepositssdcalledsdp
laquessdtosdformsdonsdthesdinnersdwallssdofsdthesdarteries
DescribesdthesdrelationshipsdbetweensdHDLsd(high-
densitysdlipoprotein),sdLDLsd(low-densitysdlipoprotein),sdVLDLsd(very-low-
densitysdlipoprotein),sdandsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
LowsdlevelssdofsdHDLsdposesdrisksdforsdCAD.sdHDLsdissdresponsiblesdforsdret
urningsdexcessivesdcholesterolsdtosdthesdliversdforsdeliminationsdorsdconversion
sdtosdcholesterol-
containingsdsteroids.sdHDLsdcansdalsosdremovesdexcessivesdcholesterolsdthrou
ghsdthesdarterialsdwall.sdItsdcansdprotectsdLDLsdfromsdoxidation,sdpreservesdend
othelialsdfunction,sdandsdpromotesdanti-
inflammatorysdandsdantithromboticsdeffects.sdVLDLsdposesdrisksdforsdCAD,sde
speciallysdinsdcombinationsdwithsdothersdrisksdfactorssdsuchsdassddiabetes
, TotalsdCholesterolsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ <200sd=sddesirable
200-239sd=sdborderline
≥240sd=sdhigh
LDLsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ <100sd=sdoptimalsd
100-129sd=sdnearsdoptimal
130-159sd=sdborderline
160-189sd=sdhigh
≥190sd=sdverysdhigh
HDLsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ <40sd=sdlow
≥60sd=sdhigh
TriglyceridesdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ <150sd=sddesirablesd
150-199sd=sdborderline
200-499sd=sdhigh
(5)sdNon-modifiablesdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
(1)sdAgesd
(2)sdGender
(3)sdEthnicity
(4)sdFamilysdhistory
(5)sdGeneticsdpredisposition
(6)sdTraditionalsdmodifiablesdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ (1)sdDyslipidemiasd(abnormalsdserumsdlipoproteins)
(2)sdHTNsd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdmyocardialsdhypertrophy)
(3)sdCigarettesdSmokingsd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdoxygensdradicals)
(4)sdDiabetessd(endothelialsdinjurysdandsdvesselsdwallsddamage)
(5)sdObesity/SedentarysdLifestylesd(strongestsdlinksdtosdCAD)
(6)sdAtherogenicsdDietsd(highsdinsdsalt,sdfat,sdtranssdfat,sdcarbs)
(10)sdNovelsdrisksdfactorssdforsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
(1)sdMarkerssdofsdInflammation,sdischemiasdandsdthrombosissd(c-
reactivesdprotein,sdtroponin,sdfibrinogen)
(2)sdAdipokinessd(adiponectin,sdleptin)
(3)sdCKDsd(assdGFRsddeclines,sdrisksdforsdCADsdincreases)
,(4)sdAirsdPollutionsdandsdIonizingsdRadiation
(5)sdMedicationssd(NSAIDSsdincreasesdrisksdforsdCAD)
(6)sdCoronarysdArterysdCalcificationsdandsdCarotidsdArterysdWallsdThickness
(7)sdMicrobiomesd(diet/lifestyle)
(8)sdElevatedsdFibrinogensd(inflammatorysdmarker)
(9)sdElevatedsdLDLsdparticlesdnumbersd(cholesterolsdconcentrationsdwithinsdp
articles)
(10)sdSmall,sddensesdLDLssd(vs.sdlargesdfluffysdlipoprotein)
Lipidssd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Referssdtosdcholesterolsdinsdparticular.sdRequiredsdbysdmostsdcellssdforsdmanu
facture/repairsdofsdplasmasdmembranes.sd
HighsddietarysdintakesdofsdcholesterolsdandsdfatssdresultssdinsdhighsdlevelssdofsdL
DLsdinsdthesdbloodstream,sdwhichsdcansdleadsdtosdAtherosclerosissdandsdcontrib
utesdtosdCAD
Lipoproteinssd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Referssdtosdlipids,sdphospholipids,sdcholesterol,sdandsdtriglyceridessdboundsd
tosdcarriersdproteins.
-sdLDLsd(low-
densitysdlipoprotein):sdcontainsdmostlysdcholesterolsdandsdprotein.
,-sdHDLsd(high-densitysdlipoprotein):sdmainlysdphospholipidssdandsdprotein
-sdVLDLsd(very-low-
densitysdlipoprotein):sdmainlysdtriglyceridesdandsdprotein
Atherosclerosissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ -
sdProgressive,sdmultifactorialsddiseasesdprocesssdthatsdgenerallysdbeginssdinsdc
hildhood;sdclinicalsdmanifestationssdoccursdinsdmiddlesdtosdlatesdadulthood,sdth
atsdresultssdinsdthesdvariablesdcompositionsdofsdlesions
-
Highsddietarysdintakesdofsdcholesterolsdandsdfatssdresultssdinsdhighsdlevelssdofsd
sd
LDLsdinsdthesdbloodstream.sdLDLsdoxidation,sdmigrationsdintosdthesdvesselsdw
all,sdandsdphagocytosissdbysdmacrophagessdresultsdinsdfattysddepositssdcalledsdp
laquessdtosdformsdonsdthesdinnersdwallssdofsdthesdarteries
DescribesdthesdrelationshipsdbetweensdHDLsd(high-
densitysdlipoprotein),sdLDLsd(low-densitysdlipoprotein),sdVLDLsd(very-low-
densitysdlipoprotein),sdandsdCADsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
LowsdlevelssdofsdHDLsdposesdrisksdforsdCAD.sdHDLsdissdresponsiblesdforsdret
urningsdexcessivesdcholesterolsdtosdthesdliversdforsdeliminationsdorsdconversion
sdtosdcholesterol-
containingsdsteroids.sdHDLsdcansdalsosdremovesdexcessivesdcholesterolsdthrou
ghsdthesdarterialsdwall.sdItsdcansdprotectsdLDLsdfromsdoxidation,sdpreservesdend
othelialsdfunction,sdandsdpromotesdanti-
inflammatorysdandsdantithromboticsdeffects.sdVLDLsdposesdrisksdforsdCAD,sde
speciallysdinsdcombinationsdwithsdothersdrisksdfactorssdsuchsdassddiabetes
, TotalsdCholesterolsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ <200sd=sddesirable
200-239sd=sdborderline
≥240sd=sdhigh
LDLsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ <100sd=sdoptimalsd
100-129sd=sdnearsdoptimal
130-159sd=sdborderline
160-189sd=sdhigh
≥190sd=sdverysdhigh
HDLsdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔
✔ <40sd=sdlow
≥60sd=sdhigh
TriglyceridesdrisksdlevelssdforsdCADsd(dyslipidemiasdcriteria)sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ <150sd=sddesirablesd
150-199sd=sdborderline
200-499sd=sdhigh
