NSG 533 Exam 3
1. What are the major pathophysiologic characteristics associated with asthma-
: Wheezing, SOB, Chest tightness, Cough. Contraction of airway smooth muscle, increased mucus production, airway
edema, remodeling
2. Asthma: Characterized by variable, reversible episodes of brochoconstriction, late inflammation and bron-
chospasm
3. What are precipitating factors and triggers associated with asthma?: Exercise,
allergen exposure, weather changes, respiratory infection
4. After a diagnosis is made, what factors are used to determine the compo-
nents of severity?: Daytime asthma symptoms > 2X per week, nighttime awakenings, reliever for symptoms >
2X per week, activity limitation d/t asthma
5. What are quick relief meds?: 1) bronchodilators: Short acting beta agonists (SABA), Short acting
anticholinergics (SAMA), 2) systemic corticosteroids
6. Long term controller meds for asthma?: Anti inflammatory, Bronchodilators, Long acting anti-
cholinergics (LAMA), Methylxanthines
7. Why is theophylline out of favor?: Use is limited due to narrow therapeutic window, multiple drug
interactions, questionable eflcacy, and adverse ettects
8. Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): Potent anti-inflammatory agent, they decrease airway inflammation,
attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and minimize mucus production and secretions
9. Examples of ICS: Fluticasone, Budesonide, Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide
10. Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA): Used as add-on therapy for asthma not controlled with ICS
alone. Works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in a relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscle (bronchodilation) Benefits: improved pulmonary function, more symptom free days, decreased need for SABA
11. Examples of LABA: Salmeterol, Vilanterol
12. Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA): Inhibit ettects of acetylcholine on muscarine
receptors and protect against cholinergic mediated bronchoconstriction. May cause dry mouth, urinary retention,
headache
13. Examples of LAMA: Tiotropium (Spiriva)
14. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs): Anti-inflammatories that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase or
completely antagonize the ettect of leukotriene D. They improve forced expiratory volume (FEV), decrease symptoms,
SABA use, and exacerbations. Can cause neuropsychiatric events.
15. Short acting beta agonists (SABA): Reverse acute airway inflammation and brochoconstriction,
increase mucociliary clearance and stabilize mast cell membranes. Side ettects: tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia
1. What are the major pathophysiologic characteristics associated with asthma-
: Wheezing, SOB, Chest tightness, Cough. Contraction of airway smooth muscle, increased mucus production, airway
edema, remodeling
2. Asthma: Characterized by variable, reversible episodes of brochoconstriction, late inflammation and bron-
chospasm
3. What are precipitating factors and triggers associated with asthma?: Exercise,
allergen exposure, weather changes, respiratory infection
4. After a diagnosis is made, what factors are used to determine the compo-
nents of severity?: Daytime asthma symptoms > 2X per week, nighttime awakenings, reliever for symptoms >
2X per week, activity limitation d/t asthma
5. What are quick relief meds?: 1) bronchodilators: Short acting beta agonists (SABA), Short acting
anticholinergics (SAMA), 2) systemic corticosteroids
6. Long term controller meds for asthma?: Anti inflammatory, Bronchodilators, Long acting anti-
cholinergics (LAMA), Methylxanthines
7. Why is theophylline out of favor?: Use is limited due to narrow therapeutic window, multiple drug
interactions, questionable eflcacy, and adverse ettects
8. Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): Potent anti-inflammatory agent, they decrease airway inflammation,
attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and minimize mucus production and secretions
9. Examples of ICS: Fluticasone, Budesonide, Beclomethasone, Ciclesonide
10. Long Acting Beta Agonists (LABA): Used as add-on therapy for asthma not controlled with ICS
alone. Works by stimulating the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in a relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscle (bronchodilation) Benefits: improved pulmonary function, more symptom free days, decreased need for SABA
11. Examples of LABA: Salmeterol, Vilanterol
12. Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA): Inhibit ettects of acetylcholine on muscarine
receptors and protect against cholinergic mediated bronchoconstriction. May cause dry mouth, urinary retention,
headache
13. Examples of LAMA: Tiotropium (Spiriva)
14. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs): Anti-inflammatories that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase or
completely antagonize the ettect of leukotriene D. They improve forced expiratory volume (FEV), decrease symptoms,
SABA use, and exacerbations. Can cause neuropsychiatric events.
15. Short acting beta agonists (SABA): Reverse acute airway inflammation and brochoconstriction,
increase mucociliary clearance and stabilize mast cell membranes. Side ettects: tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia
