FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND SKILLS
FOR NURSING
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)PATRICIA A. WILLIAMS
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nursing and the Health Care System — Historical
Overview / Florence Nightingale
Clinical stem
A new LPN at a long-term care facility is reading about Florence
Nightingale’s influence on nursing. The nurse considers
improvements to unit practices after observing an increased
rate of pressure injuries. The nurse plans an educational in-
service emphasizing cleanliness, ventilation, and patient
positioning. Which rationale best reflects Nightingale’s
contributions that justify this approach?
,A. Nightingale emphasized medical interventions and advanced
diagnostics to reduce patient mortality.
B. Nightingale promoted environmental measures (cleanliness,
ventilation, nutrition) to prevent disease and promote recovery.
C. Nightingale focused primarily on establishing rigid physician-
led hierarchies for nursing care.
D. Nightingale advocated that only formal schooling, not
bedside care, determines nursing quality.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
B (correct): Nightingale’s historical work emphasized
environmental hygiene (clean air, clean water, sanitation,
nursing care) to decrease infection and promote healing;
applying these principles addresses pressure injury prevention
through positioning and cleanliness. This aligns with nursing’s
responsibility for safety and preventive care.
A: Overstates diagnostic focus; Nightingale emphasized
environmental and nursing care rather than modern
diagnostics.
C: Incorrect—she advocated for organized nursing care but
not physician supremacy; her reforms elevated nursing practice
and patient environment.
D: Incorrect—she valued bedside care and sanitary
practices as central to nursing quality, not only formal
schooling.
,Teaching point
Environmental nursing measures reduce infection and improve
outcomes.
Citation
Williams, P. A. (7th ed.). Fundamental Concepts and Skills for
Nursing. Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nursing and the Health Care System — Nursing in
North America / Practical Nursing
Clinical stem
An LPN student asks the instructor why practical nursing
programs focus on basic bedside skills and care coordination.
The instructor explains differences in scope between practical
and registered nurses. Which statement best describes the
typical role of an LPN/LVN in contemporary North American
health care?
A. LPNs independently create comprehensive care plans and
prescribe medications.
B. LPNs perform basic nursing care, monitor patients, and
report changes to RNs or providers.
C. LPNs only perform nonclinical tasks and are not involved in
patient assessment.
, D. LPNs are interchangeable with RNs and have identical
responsibilities.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
B (correct): Practical nursing emphasizes foundational
bedside skills, assessment of changes, implementation of
delegated tasks, and communication to RNs/providers, aligning
with LPN scope.
A: Incorrect—LPNs do not independently develop full care
plans or prescribe medications.
C: Incorrect—LPNs are clinically active and perform
assessments and direct care.
D: Incorrect—LPNs and RNs have different education and
scope; they are not interchangeable.
Teaching point
LPNs provide foundational care, observe changes, and
communicate with the team.
Citation
Williams, P. A. (7th ed.). Fundamental Concepts and Skills for
Nursing. Ch. 1.
3
FOR NURSING
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)PATRICIA A. WILLIAMS
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nursing and the Health Care System — Historical
Overview / Florence Nightingale
Clinical stem
A new LPN at a long-term care facility is reading about Florence
Nightingale’s influence on nursing. The nurse considers
improvements to unit practices after observing an increased
rate of pressure injuries. The nurse plans an educational in-
service emphasizing cleanliness, ventilation, and patient
positioning. Which rationale best reflects Nightingale’s
contributions that justify this approach?
,A. Nightingale emphasized medical interventions and advanced
diagnostics to reduce patient mortality.
B. Nightingale promoted environmental measures (cleanliness,
ventilation, nutrition) to prevent disease and promote recovery.
C. Nightingale focused primarily on establishing rigid physician-
led hierarchies for nursing care.
D. Nightingale advocated that only formal schooling, not
bedside care, determines nursing quality.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
B (correct): Nightingale’s historical work emphasized
environmental hygiene (clean air, clean water, sanitation,
nursing care) to decrease infection and promote healing;
applying these principles addresses pressure injury prevention
through positioning and cleanliness. This aligns with nursing’s
responsibility for safety and preventive care.
A: Overstates diagnostic focus; Nightingale emphasized
environmental and nursing care rather than modern
diagnostics.
C: Incorrect—she advocated for organized nursing care but
not physician supremacy; her reforms elevated nursing practice
and patient environment.
D: Incorrect—she valued bedside care and sanitary
practices as central to nursing quality, not only formal
schooling.
,Teaching point
Environmental nursing measures reduce infection and improve
outcomes.
Citation
Williams, P. A. (7th ed.). Fundamental Concepts and Skills for
Nursing. Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nursing and the Health Care System — Nursing in
North America / Practical Nursing
Clinical stem
An LPN student asks the instructor why practical nursing
programs focus on basic bedside skills and care coordination.
The instructor explains differences in scope between practical
and registered nurses. Which statement best describes the
typical role of an LPN/LVN in contemporary North American
health care?
A. LPNs independently create comprehensive care plans and
prescribe medications.
B. LPNs perform basic nursing care, monitor patients, and
report changes to RNs or providers.
C. LPNs only perform nonclinical tasks and are not involved in
patient assessment.
, D. LPNs are interchangeable with RNs and have identical
responsibilities.
Correct answer
B
Rationales
B (correct): Practical nursing emphasizes foundational
bedside skills, assessment of changes, implementation of
delegated tasks, and communication to RNs/providers, aligning
with LPN scope.
A: Incorrect—LPNs do not independently develop full care
plans or prescribe medications.
C: Incorrect—LPNs are clinically active and perform
assessments and direct care.
D: Incorrect—LPNs and RNs have different education and
scope; they are not interchangeable.
Teaching point
LPNs provide foundational care, observe changes, and
communicate with the team.
Citation
Williams, P. A. (7th ed.). Fundamental Concepts and Skills for
Nursing. Ch. 1.
3
