UNIT 7 PEDS 3rd sem QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++

UNITsd7sdPEDSsd3rdsdsem

1. Ventilation:sd-processsdofsdbreathingsdairsdintosdandsdoutsdofsdthesdlungs.
-Attectedsdbysdseveralsdelementssd&sdtheirsdinteractionsdw/sdeachsdother:
• Intercostalsdmuscles,sddiaphragm,sdribs-sdallowsdchestsdexpansion/contraction.
• Brain-sdvagussdnervesdandsdrespiratorysdcenterssdofsdmedullasdregulatesdrespirations
• Chemoreceptors-sdrespondsdtosdchangessdinsdoxygensdsaturationsdofsdblood
2. Nasopharyngitiss d (acutes d coryza)s d (as d cold):s d -Mostsdcommonsdinfectionsdofsdrespiratorysdtract
-Causedsdbysdvirussd(rhinovirus)
-Spreadsdfrmsd1sdchildsdtosdanothersdthoughsdsneezing,sdcoughing,sddirectsdcontact
-Susceptibilitysddependssdonsdage,sdstatesdofsdnutrition,sdandsdgeneralsdhealth
-S/S:sdfeversdcommonsdinsdchildrensdundersd3;sdnasalsddischarge,sdirritability,sdsoresdthroat,sdcough,sdgeneralsddiscomfort
-Complications:s d bronchitis,sd pneumonitis,s d andsd ears d infections
3. Nasopharyngitiss d TX:s d -nosdcure!
-
Relievesdsymptomssdw/:sdrest,sdclearingsdairwayssd(bulbsdsyringe,sdsalinesdspray),sdadequatesdfluidssd(cool,sdblandsdfluidssdmay
sdhelpsdwithsdsoresdthroat),sdpreventsdfeversdw/sdibuprofensdorsdacetaminophen, sdskinsdcaresdofsdnaressdr/tsdnasalsddischargesd(c


ansdusesdpetroleum-basedsdointmentsdonsdnaressdandsduppersdlipsd(nosdpetroleumsdwithsdo2!)
-ABXsdAREsdNOTsdHELPFUL!!!!!!...sdThissdissdasdvirus!
-Teachsdparentssdtosdchecksdallsdlabelssdofsdmedicationssdforsdappropriatesddosagesdpersdage!!
• Moistsdairsdsoothessdinflamedsdnosesdandsdthroat!
• Humidifier
• Hotsdwatersdsteamsdfromsdfaucets,sdshowersdcansdrelievesdstuflness
Oldersdkidsdshouldsdbesdtaughtsdtosdblowsdnose.sdPrevention:sdwashsdhands!!sdComplicat
ion:sdotitissdmedia
4. coldsdsymptoms:sdFever
PurulentsdnasalsddischargesdRedden
edsdmucoussdmembranes
5. allergysdsymptoms:sdSneezing
WaterysdeyessdItchi
ngsdofsdskin
6. AcutesdPharyngitis:sd-Inflammationsdofsdthroatsdstructures
-S/S:sdfever,sdmalaise,sddysphagiasd(diflcultysdswallowing),sdandsdanorexia
-Viralsdcharacteristic-sdconjunctivitis,sdrhinitis,sdcough,sdhoarsenesssdwithsdgradualsdonset.sdPersistssdnosdmoresdthansd5sddays

, UNITsd7sdPEDSsd3rdsdsem

-Bacterialsdcharacteristics-sdfever,sddiflcultysdswallowing,sdlastssdlongersdthansd1sdweek

, UNITsd7sdPEDSsd3rdsdsem

-IfsdStrepsdThroat-sdMUSTsdBEsdTXsdPROMPTLY!!!!
Treatsdpromptlysdtosdpreventsdrheumaticsdfever,sdglomerulonephritis,sdperitonsillarsdabscess,sdotitissdmedia,sdmastoiditis,sdmenin-
sdgitis,sdosteomyelitis,sdorsdpneumonia


• Nosdlongersdinfectioussdaftersddrugsdtherapysdbegunsd(24hrs)sd&sddecreasedsdfev
ersdTxsdwithsdPCN.sdTeachsdcompliancesdtosdparents.
Ifsdoldersdchild,sdgarglesdsaltsdwater.sdTylenolsdtosdrelievesdpain.
7. croup:s d -Barkingsdcoughsd&sdstridorsd(highsdpitched,sdharshsdsound)
Cansddevelopsdintosdrespiratorysdemergency!!(Swellingsdinsidesdthesdthroatsdatsdthesdlarynxsdcansdobstructsdthesdairway)
-TX:sdincreasesdhumiditysdw/sdcold-
watersdhumidifier,sdhotsdwatersdinsdshowersdcansdrelievesdsymptomssd(havesdchildsdsitsdinsdbathroomsdwithsdhotsdsteamsdfromsdshowers
dfillingsdair),sdIVsdfluids,sdmonitorsdHR,sdRR,sdandsdPOX!sdMaysdgivesdcorticosteroidssdtosddecreasesdinflammation


• OPIATESsd AREsd CONTRAINDICATED!!!!sd...DEPRESSsd RESPIRATIONS!
-Cansdbesdacutesdorsdbenign.
Benign-sdlaryngomalacia-
sdFloppysdairway.sdSymptomssdimprovesdwithsdpositioning.sdKidssdcansdgrowsdoutsdofsditsdassdtheirsdairwaysd strengthens.


8. highsdcarbonsddioxidesdlevelsdinsdthesdbloodsdandsdlowsdO2sdsatssd stimulate:sdthesdbrainsdt
o
increasesdthesdRR.sdInsdchronicsdlungsdcond,sdthesdptsdissdtolerantsdtosdthesdlowersdO2sdsats.
9. Epiglottitis:sd-
Swellingsdofsdtissuessdabovesdvocalsdcordssd(supraglottic),sdnarrowingsdofsdairwaysdinlet,sdpossiblesdtotalsdobstruction
-Cansdoccursdinsdanysdseason.sdRapidsdandsdprogressive!sdCausedsdbysdinfluenza
-LIFEsdTHREATENINGsdMEDICALsdEMERGENCY!!!!!
-
S/S:sdabrubt!sdInsistssdonsdsittingsdup,sdleanssdforwardsdw/sdmouthsdopen,sddroolssdsalivasdduesdtosddiflcultysdswallowing.sdWidesd
eyed,sdanxious,sdrestless.sdCoughsdissdabsent.sdMaysdhavesdfrog-
likesdcroakingsdsoundsdonsdinspiration.sdThroatsdshowssdenlarged,sdreddened,sdedematoussdepiglottissd("beefysdredsdthumb")
-DOsdNOTsdUSEsdTONGUEsdBLADEsdTOsdEXAMINE!!sdMAYsdCAUSEsdLARYNGOSPASM...SUDDENsdRESPIRATORYsdARREST!!!
10. epiglottitissdTX:sd•immediatesdtracheotomysdorsdendotrachealsdintubationsd&sdO2sdtosdpreventsdhypoxia,sdbrainsddama
ge,sdandsdsuddensddeathsdduesdtosdrespiratorysdarrest.sdIVsdabxsdtherapysdusuallysdresultssdinsddramaticsdimprovementsdwithinsdasd
fewsddays.
• Prevention-sdflusdvaccines!
• ITsdISsdYOURsdRESPONSIBILITYsdASsdTHEsdNURSEsdTOsdMAKEsdSUREsdAsdTRACHEOTOMYsdSETsdISsdATsdBEDSIDEsdBEFOREsdANYsdTHR