SNHD PROTOCOLS EXAM 2025
CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026 FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Examples of confidentiality. Answer: A patron using an ATM card
wants to keep their PIN number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
⩥ How can confidentiality be broken?. Answer: Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
⩥ Define integrity in the CIA triad.. Answer: The ability to prevent
people from changing your data and the ability to reverse unwanted
changes.
⩥ How do you control integrity?. Answer: Permissions restrict what
users can do (read, write, etc.)
⩥ Examples of integrity. Answer: Data used by a doctor to make
medical decisions needs to be correct or the patient can die.
, ⩥ Define the availability in the CIA triad.. Answer: Our data needs to be
accessible when we need it.
⩥ How can availability be broken?. Answer: Loss of power, application
problems. If caused by an attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
⩥ Define information security.. Answer: The protection of information
and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
⩥ Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles.. Answer: The Parkerian
Hexad includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA
triad. It also includes possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
⩥ Authenticity. Answer: Whether the data in question comes from who
or where it says it comes from (i.e. did this person actually send this
email?)
⩥ Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack?. Answer:
Interception (eaves dropping)
⩥ Integrity is affected by what type of attacks?. Answer: Interruption
(assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication
(generating false data)
CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026 FULL
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Examples of confidentiality. Answer: A patron using an ATM card
wants to keep their PIN number confidential.
An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
⩥ How can confidentiality be broken?. Answer: Losing a laptop
An attacker gets access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
⩥ Define integrity in the CIA triad.. Answer: The ability to prevent
people from changing your data and the ability to reverse unwanted
changes.
⩥ How do you control integrity?. Answer: Permissions restrict what
users can do (read, write, etc.)
⩥ Examples of integrity. Answer: Data used by a doctor to make
medical decisions needs to be correct or the patient can die.
, ⩥ Define the availability in the CIA triad.. Answer: Our data needs to be
accessible when we need it.
⩥ How can availability be broken?. Answer: Loss of power, application
problems. If caused by an attacker, this is a Denial of Service attack.
⩥ Define information security.. Answer: The protection of information
and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure,
disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
⩥ Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles.. Answer: The Parkerian
Hexad includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability from the CIA
triad. It also includes possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
⩥ Authenticity. Answer: Whether the data in question comes from who
or where it says it comes from (i.e. did this person actually send this
email?)
⩥ Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack?. Answer:
Interception (eaves dropping)
⩥ Integrity is affected by what type of attacks?. Answer: Interruption
(assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset), fabrication
(generating false data)
