2025-2026 BIJZONDERE
BACTERIOLOGIE
Morgane De Samblanc
,Inhoudsopgave
INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................... 3
Taxonomie ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Fylogenie ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Methodieken in taxonomie en fylogenie ............................................................................................ 3
Algemene divisies van species met belang in de diergeneeskunde ..................................................... 3
PROTEOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................ 4
Enterobacteriaceae ......................................................................................................................... 4
Vibrio en Aeromonas ......................................................................................................................10
Pasteurellaceae .............................................................................................................................10
Pseudomonas ................................................................................................................................15
Stenotrophomonas.........................................................................................................................16
Taylorella equigenitalis....................................................................................................................16
Pelistega ........................................................................................................................................17
Brucella .........................................................................................................................................17
Bordetella bronchiseptica ...............................................................................................................18
Francisella tularensis .....................................................................................................................18
Campylobacter ..............................................................................................................................18
Helicobacter ..................................................................................................................................19
Bartonella henselae........................................................................................................................20
Coxiella burnetii .............................................................................................................................20
Lawsonia intracellularis ..................................................................................................................21
ACTINOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................ 22
Corynebacterium ...........................................................................................................................22
Trueperella pyogenes ......................................................................................................................23
Dermatophilus congolensis en Rhodococcus equi ...........................................................................23
FIRMICUTES ................................................................................................................................ 26
Staphylococcus .............................................................................................................................26
Streptococcus................................................................................................................................29
Enterococcus .................................................................................................................................31
Gram-positieve sporenvormende staven (bacillen) ...........................................................................31
Mycoplasma en Ureaplasma...........................................................................................................34
BACTEROIDETES.......................................................................................................................... 35
1
, Prevotella.......................................................................................................................................35
Capnocytophaga ............................................................................................................................35
FUSOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................... 36
Dichelobacter nodusus...................................................................................................................36
Fusobacterium necrophorum..........................................................................................................37
Trueperella pyogenes ......................................................................................................................37
SPIROCHAETES ........................................................................................................................... 38
Leptospira ......................................................................................................................................38
CHLAMYDIAE .............................................................................................................................. 40
2
, INLEIDING
Taxonomie
- Identificatie om te bepalen tot welke taxa (species) een bacterieel isolaat behoort
- Species = verzameling van stammen met zeer veel gemeenschappelijke
eigenschappen
- Stam : reincultuur van 1 isolaat => identiek zelfde genetische achtergrond
- Per species is er 1 referentiestam => je gaat je isolaat vergelijken met de
referentiestam om te weten waartoe de bacterie behoort
1. Fylum (= divisie) = hoofdtaxa (bestaat uit verschillende klasse) => Firmicutes
2. Klasse (bestaat uit verschillende orde) => -ia = Clostridia
3. Orde => -ales = Clostridiales
4. Familie => -aceae = Clostridiaceae
5. Genus => krijgt hoofdletter (schuin gedrukt) => Clostridium
6. Species => kleine letter (schuin gedrukt) => perfringens
7. Subspecies
ð Serovars of serotypes => verschillen in celwand
ð Biovars of biotypes => verschillen in biochemische
eigenschappen
ð Genovars of genotype => verschillen in genetische inhoud
ð Fagovars of fagotype => verschillen aan de celwand
Fylogenie
= verwantschapsonderzoek
- Hoe dichter de bacteriën bij elkaar liggen in de boom hoe nauwer verwant
Methodieken in taxonomie en fylogenie
- Fenotype en genotype benaderen
- Door genoomsequenties
- Via huishoudgenen => hoe meer gelijkenissen tussen bacteriën, hoe nauwer
verwant
Algemene divisies van species met belang in de diergeneeskunde
- Proteobacteria
- Bacteroidetes
- Fusobacteria Gram-negatief
- Spirochaetes
- Chlamydia
- Firmicutes
- Actinobacteria Gram-positief
3
BACTERIOLOGIE
Morgane De Samblanc
,Inhoudsopgave
INLEIDING .................................................................................................................................... 3
Taxonomie ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Fylogenie ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Methodieken in taxonomie en fylogenie ............................................................................................ 3
Algemene divisies van species met belang in de diergeneeskunde ..................................................... 3
PROTEOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................ 4
Enterobacteriaceae ......................................................................................................................... 4
Vibrio en Aeromonas ......................................................................................................................10
Pasteurellaceae .............................................................................................................................10
Pseudomonas ................................................................................................................................15
Stenotrophomonas.........................................................................................................................16
Taylorella equigenitalis....................................................................................................................16
Pelistega ........................................................................................................................................17
Brucella .........................................................................................................................................17
Bordetella bronchiseptica ...............................................................................................................18
Francisella tularensis .....................................................................................................................18
Campylobacter ..............................................................................................................................18
Helicobacter ..................................................................................................................................19
Bartonella henselae........................................................................................................................20
Coxiella burnetii .............................................................................................................................20
Lawsonia intracellularis ..................................................................................................................21
ACTINOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................ 22
Corynebacterium ...........................................................................................................................22
Trueperella pyogenes ......................................................................................................................23
Dermatophilus congolensis en Rhodococcus equi ...........................................................................23
FIRMICUTES ................................................................................................................................ 26
Staphylococcus .............................................................................................................................26
Streptococcus................................................................................................................................29
Enterococcus .................................................................................................................................31
Gram-positieve sporenvormende staven (bacillen) ...........................................................................31
Mycoplasma en Ureaplasma...........................................................................................................34
BACTEROIDETES.......................................................................................................................... 35
1
, Prevotella.......................................................................................................................................35
Capnocytophaga ............................................................................................................................35
FUSOBACTERIA ........................................................................................................................... 36
Dichelobacter nodusus...................................................................................................................36
Fusobacterium necrophorum..........................................................................................................37
Trueperella pyogenes ......................................................................................................................37
SPIROCHAETES ........................................................................................................................... 38
Leptospira ......................................................................................................................................38
CHLAMYDIAE .............................................................................................................................. 40
2
, INLEIDING
Taxonomie
- Identificatie om te bepalen tot welke taxa (species) een bacterieel isolaat behoort
- Species = verzameling van stammen met zeer veel gemeenschappelijke
eigenschappen
- Stam : reincultuur van 1 isolaat => identiek zelfde genetische achtergrond
- Per species is er 1 referentiestam => je gaat je isolaat vergelijken met de
referentiestam om te weten waartoe de bacterie behoort
1. Fylum (= divisie) = hoofdtaxa (bestaat uit verschillende klasse) => Firmicutes
2. Klasse (bestaat uit verschillende orde) => -ia = Clostridia
3. Orde => -ales = Clostridiales
4. Familie => -aceae = Clostridiaceae
5. Genus => krijgt hoofdletter (schuin gedrukt) => Clostridium
6. Species => kleine letter (schuin gedrukt) => perfringens
7. Subspecies
ð Serovars of serotypes => verschillen in celwand
ð Biovars of biotypes => verschillen in biochemische
eigenschappen
ð Genovars of genotype => verschillen in genetische inhoud
ð Fagovars of fagotype => verschillen aan de celwand
Fylogenie
= verwantschapsonderzoek
- Hoe dichter de bacteriën bij elkaar liggen in de boom hoe nauwer verwant
Methodieken in taxonomie en fylogenie
- Fenotype en genotype benaderen
- Door genoomsequenties
- Via huishoudgenen => hoe meer gelijkenissen tussen bacteriën, hoe nauwer
verwant
Algemene divisies van species met belang in de diergeneeskunde
- Proteobacteria
- Bacteroidetes
- Fusobacteria Gram-negatief
- Spirochaetes
- Chlamydia
- Firmicutes
- Actinobacteria Gram-positief
3
