COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are three main categories of contributors that lead to acquired color vision deficiency? -
(ANSWER)Ocular conditions, neurologic conditions, toxicities
Where in the pathway can breakdown lead to acquired color vision deficiencies? (PRs, horizontal cells,
BP cells, RGCs, LGN, V1, V2, anterior IT cortex?) - (ANSWER)ANY of these places can lead to a problem
What are two rules that attempt to classify acquired CV deficiencies? - (ANSWER)Kollner and Verriest
What is the jist of Kollner's Rule? - (ANSWER)Outer retinal disease or media-->B/Y defect
Inner retinal, ON, pathways, cortex-->R/G defect
*There are many exceptions and some deficiencies change over time
T or F: Optic Neuritis affects CV, but when the condition resolves over time, and CV deficiencies will
resolve as well. - (ANSWER)FALSE- just because the condition resolves over time, does not mean CV will!
In a patient with optic neuritis, initially the patient probably has what kind of acquired CV deficiency? -
(ANSWER)B/Y
In a patient with optic neuritis, after 6mo the patient probably has what kind of acquired CV deficiency?
- (ANSWER)R/G
Is VA loss worse at the beginning or end of the course of optic neuritis? - (ANSWER)beginning
T or F: Tritan defect is very rare congenitally. - (ANSWER)TRUE
If you see a tritan defect, do you suspect congenital or acquired? - (ANSWER)acquired
What is the receptor proportion of a tritan defect? - (ANSWER)few S wave cones
,COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Is a R/G defect typically congenital or acquired? - (ANSWER)congenital
What is more common, a R/G defect or a B/Y defect? - (ANSWER)R/G
T or F: If a patient has a R/G defect, we can rule out acquired CV deficiency and assume it is congenital? -
(ANSWER)FALSE
If a patient has a R/G defect, what family member should be assessed to find out if the R/G defect is
congenital vs acquired? - (ANSWER)maternal GF
Why did Claude Monet's painting 20 years later result in a completely different painting? - (ANSWER)He
developed NS which made his lens work like a yellow filter, (acquired a B/Y defect), in addition his VA
was decreased
T or F: There is a general neural sensitivity loss with age.
T or F: A general neural sensitivity loss was demonstrated in Monet. - (ANSWER)True
False
After cataract surgery, how does the world look to a patient? - (ANSWER)Too blue and/or too bright
What kind of cataract changes primarily affect CV? - (ANSWER)NS
What are some things a patient can do to help in obtaining correct CV while nuclear cataracts are
present? - (ANSWER)increase illumination, avoid glare, remove cataracts
What happens to the pupil with age that makes the effects nuclear lens changes WORSE? -
(ANSWER)miosis of pupil with age because light has to go through the thickest part of the lens
T or F: There is color constancy with age, meaning that color perception is stable because the brain
knows how to perceive colors. - (ANSWER)TRUE
, COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
T or F: If you do a CV test on an older patient and it shows they have a color deficiency, we know that
they are perceiving color differently. - (ANSWER)FALSE due to color constancy- brain overrides
What are three things that should NOT affect CV? - (ANSWER)corneal scars (cortical sclerosis, PSE),
white cataracts, and vitreous opacity
T or F: Optic neuropathy and retina/macula conditions contribute to acquired CV deficiencies? -
(ANSWER)TRUE
What are some systemic conditions that contribute to acquired CV deficiencies? Do we see evidence of
these by looking in the eye? - (ANSWER)We do NOT see evidence of these while looking in the eye:
CVA, DM (w/o retinopathy), MS, leukemia
What are some types of drugs that can induce optic neuropathy leading to acquired CV deficiencies? -
(ANSWER)Antimicrobials, Benzofuran derivatives (anti-anginal), erectile dysfunction agents, antiTB
agents, chloroquinine (malaria) and hydroxycloroquine (SLE & RA)
Is drug induced optic neuropathy reversible or permanent? - (ANSWER)reversible- so impt to screen
What is the goal when taking drugs that can lead to drug induced optic neuropathy? - (ANSWER)Identify
the CV change before visible retinal change. Done by using CV test to monitor as pt continues
medication.
What can be a side effect of a vitreomacular adhesion? - (ANSWER)yellowish vision
In workers exposed to neurotoxic chemicals, what is the pathogenesis of these chemicals affecting CV? -
(ANSWER)direct action on PR OR direct action on ON
How are light bulbs (standard illuminants) classified? - (ANSWER)Color temperature (black body
radiator)
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are three main categories of contributors that lead to acquired color vision deficiency? -
(ANSWER)Ocular conditions, neurologic conditions, toxicities
Where in the pathway can breakdown lead to acquired color vision deficiencies? (PRs, horizontal cells,
BP cells, RGCs, LGN, V1, V2, anterior IT cortex?) - (ANSWER)ANY of these places can lead to a problem
What are two rules that attempt to classify acquired CV deficiencies? - (ANSWER)Kollner and Verriest
What is the jist of Kollner's Rule? - (ANSWER)Outer retinal disease or media-->B/Y defect
Inner retinal, ON, pathways, cortex-->R/G defect
*There are many exceptions and some deficiencies change over time
T or F: Optic Neuritis affects CV, but when the condition resolves over time, and CV deficiencies will
resolve as well. - (ANSWER)FALSE- just because the condition resolves over time, does not mean CV will!
In a patient with optic neuritis, initially the patient probably has what kind of acquired CV deficiency? -
(ANSWER)B/Y
In a patient with optic neuritis, after 6mo the patient probably has what kind of acquired CV deficiency?
- (ANSWER)R/G
Is VA loss worse at the beginning or end of the course of optic neuritis? - (ANSWER)beginning
T or F: Tritan defect is very rare congenitally. - (ANSWER)TRUE
If you see a tritan defect, do you suspect congenital or acquired? - (ANSWER)acquired
What is the receptor proportion of a tritan defect? - (ANSWER)few S wave cones
,COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Is a R/G defect typically congenital or acquired? - (ANSWER)congenital
What is more common, a R/G defect or a B/Y defect? - (ANSWER)R/G
T or F: If a patient has a R/G defect, we can rule out acquired CV deficiency and assume it is congenital? -
(ANSWER)FALSE
If a patient has a R/G defect, what family member should be assessed to find out if the R/G defect is
congenital vs acquired? - (ANSWER)maternal GF
Why did Claude Monet's painting 20 years later result in a completely different painting? - (ANSWER)He
developed NS which made his lens work like a yellow filter, (acquired a B/Y defect), in addition his VA
was decreased
T or F: There is a general neural sensitivity loss with age.
T or F: A general neural sensitivity loss was demonstrated in Monet. - (ANSWER)True
False
After cataract surgery, how does the world look to a patient? - (ANSWER)Too blue and/or too bright
What kind of cataract changes primarily affect CV? - (ANSWER)NS
What are some things a patient can do to help in obtaining correct CV while nuclear cataracts are
present? - (ANSWER)increase illumination, avoid glare, remove cataracts
What happens to the pupil with age that makes the effects nuclear lens changes WORSE? -
(ANSWER)miosis of pupil with age because light has to go through the thickest part of the lens
T or F: There is color constancy with age, meaning that color perception is stable because the brain
knows how to perceive colors. - (ANSWER)TRUE
, COLOR VISION FINAL EXAM | 164 QUESTIONMS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
T or F: If you do a CV test on an older patient and it shows they have a color deficiency, we know that
they are perceiving color differently. - (ANSWER)FALSE due to color constancy- brain overrides
What are three things that should NOT affect CV? - (ANSWER)corneal scars (cortical sclerosis, PSE),
white cataracts, and vitreous opacity
T or F: Optic neuropathy and retina/macula conditions contribute to acquired CV deficiencies? -
(ANSWER)TRUE
What are some systemic conditions that contribute to acquired CV deficiencies? Do we see evidence of
these by looking in the eye? - (ANSWER)We do NOT see evidence of these while looking in the eye:
CVA, DM (w/o retinopathy), MS, leukemia
What are some types of drugs that can induce optic neuropathy leading to acquired CV deficiencies? -
(ANSWER)Antimicrobials, Benzofuran derivatives (anti-anginal), erectile dysfunction agents, antiTB
agents, chloroquinine (malaria) and hydroxycloroquine (SLE & RA)
Is drug induced optic neuropathy reversible or permanent? - (ANSWER)reversible- so impt to screen
What is the goal when taking drugs that can lead to drug induced optic neuropathy? - (ANSWER)Identify
the CV change before visible retinal change. Done by using CV test to monitor as pt continues
medication.
What can be a side effect of a vitreomacular adhesion? - (ANSWER)yellowish vision
In workers exposed to neurotoxic chemicals, what is the pathogenesis of these chemicals affecting CV? -
(ANSWER)direct action on PR OR direct action on ON
How are light bulbs (standard illuminants) classified? - (ANSWER)Color temperature (black body
radiator)
