COMPREHENSIVE BASIC SCIENCE EXAM
(CBSE) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces
of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER -cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that participates in
phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -multifactorial but typically involves arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER -PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
,Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial infection such as
Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER -AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Failure of Golgi apparatus to phosphorylate mannose 6-
phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes resulting in accumulation of lysosomal
enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER -Aqualitative test to determine defects in NADPH
oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
,CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to produce NADPH oxidase;
susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/ normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER -Structurally similar to TCAs w/ anticholinergic side effects
used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER -Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia & worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilated, motile trophozoites w/ corkscrew-like motility
Autism - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, & separation anxiety;
repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC; TLC, FRC, & RV
increase
, Parathyroid shormone(PTH) svs sphosphate sin shypercalcemia s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-PTH: srapid s&
sdirect
Phosphate: sslow s& sindirect
ANP: s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Afib, sCh-1p, sNPPA sgene smutation scausing sbinding sinterference,-
sdecrease scGMP
Failure sof sdevelopment sof s3rd sor s4th spharyngeal spouches s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-DiGeorge
ssyndrome s(CATCH s22): struncus sarteriosus s& sagenesis sof sparathyroid sglands
May salso sbe sassociated sw/ sfailure sof sthymus sto sdevelop s-> sT slymphocytes sw/ sCD3 smarker
Huntington sdisease s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-PCR sis sthe smost scommon smethod sto sest. s# sof sCAGs
Both sthe scoding s& stemplate sstrands sbind sthe sforward s& sreverse sprimers son s3' send
s
Pyrmidine sDimers s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-BRAF sgain sof sfunction smutation scausing
scovalant sthymine s(or sCystine) sbonds snormally srepaired sthru sNER sin sthe sG1 sphase sby
sendonuclease srecognition sthen sexcision s(DNA spolymerase sthen sfills; sligase sthen sreseals)
Xeroderma spigmentosum s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Mutation sof sNER sendonuclease sfrom sUV
sradiation sdisrupting sDNA sreplication sdue sto sthe soligonucleotides sremaining sdamaged
DNA sPolymerase sI s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Removal sof sboth sleading s& slagging sRNA sprimers s5' sto s3'
s(unique)
Proofreading sof smismatch snucleotides svia s3' sto s5' sexonuclease s& selongation sof slagging sstrand s5'
sto s3' s(universal)
Topoisomerase s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Enzyme sthat sfunctions sin sDNA sreplication, shelping sto
srelieve sstrain sin sthe sdouble shelix sahead sof sthe sreplication sfork.
(CBSE) REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces
of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER -cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that participates in
phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER -multifactorial but typically involves arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER -PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
,Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial infection such as
Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER -AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Failure of Golgi apparatus to phosphorylate mannose 6-
phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes resulting in accumulation of lysosomal
enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER -Aqualitative test to determine defects in NADPH
oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
,CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER -inability to produce NADPH oxidase;
susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/ normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER -Structurally similar to TCAs w/ anticholinergic side effects
used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER -ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER -Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia & worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER -Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilated, motile trophozoites w/ corkscrew-like motility
Autism - CORRECT ANSWER -Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, & separation anxiety;
repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC; TLC, FRC, & RV
increase
, Parathyroid shormone(PTH) svs sphosphate sin shypercalcemia s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-PTH: srapid s&
sdirect
Phosphate: sslow s& sindirect
ANP: s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Afib, sCh-1p, sNPPA sgene smutation scausing sbinding sinterference,-
sdecrease scGMP
Failure sof sdevelopment sof s3rd sor s4th spharyngeal spouches s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-DiGeorge
ssyndrome s(CATCH s22): struncus sarteriosus s& sagenesis sof sparathyroid sglands
May salso sbe sassociated sw/ sfailure sof sthymus sto sdevelop s-> sT slymphocytes sw/ sCD3 smarker
Huntington sdisease s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-PCR sis sthe smost scommon smethod sto sest. s# sof sCAGs
Both sthe scoding s& stemplate sstrands sbind sthe sforward s& sreverse sprimers son s3' send
s
Pyrmidine sDimers s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-BRAF sgain sof sfunction smutation scausing
scovalant sthymine s(or sCystine) sbonds snormally srepaired sthru sNER sin sthe sG1 sphase sby
sendonuclease srecognition sthen sexcision s(DNA spolymerase sthen sfills; sligase sthen sreseals)
Xeroderma spigmentosum s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Mutation sof sNER sendonuclease sfrom sUV
sradiation sdisrupting sDNA sreplication sdue sto sthe soligonucleotides sremaining sdamaged
DNA sPolymerase sI s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Removal sof sboth sleading s& slagging sRNA sprimers s5' sto s3'
s(unique)
Proofreading sof smismatch snucleotides svia s3' sto s5' sexonuclease s& selongation sof slagging sstrand s5'
sto s3' s(universal)
Topoisomerase s- sCORRECT sANSWER s-Enzyme sthat sfunctions sin sDNA sreplication, shelping sto
srelieve sstrain sin sthe sdouble shelix sahead sof sthe sreplication sfork.
