This Pathophysiology Exam 1 is a foundational assessment for nursing and
healthcare students. It focuses on the basic biological mechanisms of
disease, bridging the gap between normal anatomy/physiology and clinical
illness.
Core Topics
The exam usually covers introductory concepts and cellular-level changes:
Fundamental Terminology: Definitions of etiology (cause), pathogenesis
(development), clinical manifestations (signs vs. symptoms), and prognosis.
Cellular Adaptation & Injury: Mechanisms such as atrophy, hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. It also covers cell death types like
apoptosis (programmed) and necrosis (uncontrolled).
Inflammation & Healing: The cardinal signs of inflammation (redness,
heat, swelling, pain) and the stages of tissue repair.
Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances: Edema, dehydration, and acid-base balance
(pH, bicarbonate levels).
Stress & Adaptation: The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) including
the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.
Genetics: Basic inheritance patterns and common chromosomal disorders
like Down Syndrome.
1
, Immunity: Initial concepts of innate vs. adaptive immunity and
hypersensitivity reactions.
Quiz_________________?
1st exposure to foreign antigens, in an allergic reaction, causes -
Answer✅
Production of antibodies, sensitization of mast cells
Quiz_________________?
A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a large tapeworm. Which of the following cells would
be produced in response to this worm?
A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Natural killer cells -
Answer✅
b
Quiz_________________?
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following?
A) XY
B) XX
C) XYY
D) XXY -
2
, Answer✅
d
Quiz_________________?
A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area became inflamed and sore to
touch. Which of the following would result from activation of the plasma system secondary
to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with
only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is called:
A) Down syndrome.
B) Cri du chat syndrome.
C) Turner syndrome.
D) Edward syndrome -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example
of:
3
, A) gene imprinting.
B) an autosomal recessive trait.
C) an autosomal dominant trait.
D) a sex-linked trait. -
Answer✅
a
Quiz_________________?
A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal
diminished levels of:
A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) B cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) T suppressor cells. -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus
has 92 chromosomes. Which of the following describes this condition?
A) Euploidy
B) Triploidy
C) Tetraploidy
D) Aneuploidy -
Answer✅
c
4
healthcare students. It focuses on the basic biological mechanisms of
disease, bridging the gap between normal anatomy/physiology and clinical
illness.
Core Topics
The exam usually covers introductory concepts and cellular-level changes:
Fundamental Terminology: Definitions of etiology (cause), pathogenesis
(development), clinical manifestations (signs vs. symptoms), and prognosis.
Cellular Adaptation & Injury: Mechanisms such as atrophy, hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. It also covers cell death types like
apoptosis (programmed) and necrosis (uncontrolled).
Inflammation & Healing: The cardinal signs of inflammation (redness,
heat, swelling, pain) and the stages of tissue repair.
Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances: Edema, dehydration, and acid-base balance
(pH, bicarbonate levels).
Stress & Adaptation: The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) including
the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.
Genetics: Basic inheritance patterns and common chromosomal disorders
like Down Syndrome.
1
, Immunity: Initial concepts of innate vs. adaptive immunity and
hypersensitivity reactions.
Quiz_________________?
1st exposure to foreign antigens, in an allergic reaction, causes -
Answer✅
Production of antibodies, sensitization of mast cells
Quiz_________________?
A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a large tapeworm. Which of the following cells would
be produced in response to this worm?
A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Natural killer cells -
Answer✅
b
Quiz_________________?
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal
which of the following?
A) XY
B) XX
C) XYY
D) XXY -
2
, Answer✅
d
Quiz_________________?
A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area became inflamed and sore to
touch. Which of the following would result from activation of the plasma system secondary
to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with
only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is called:
A) Down syndrome.
B) Cri du chat syndrome.
C) Turner syndrome.
D) Edward syndrome -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example
of:
3
, A) gene imprinting.
B) an autosomal recessive trait.
C) an autosomal dominant trait.
D) a sex-linked trait. -
Answer✅
a
Quiz_________________?
A 20-year-old female has been diagnosed with AIDS. Laboratory testing would reveal
diminished levels of:
A) cytotoxic T cells.
B) B cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) T suppressor cells. -
Answer✅
c
Quiz_________________?
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus
has 92 chromosomes. Which of the following describes this condition?
A) Euploidy
B) Triploidy
C) Tetraploidy
D) Aneuploidy -
Answer✅
c
4
