HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology complete questions and correct detailed answers

1. What is histology?: The study of tissues 2. What is a tissue?: A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function. 3. What are the fundamental tissues?: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve (Elephants Can Make News) 4. What is the function of epithelial cells?: Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal organs. 5. What is the function of connective tissue?: Framework of the body. Provides support and structure to organs. 6. What is neuroglia?: The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue. 7. What ability does muscle tissue have?: Ability to contract and shorten. 8. What is muscle tissue classified as?: Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth & cardiac) 9. What is meiosis?: The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and testes. 10. What two layers compose the skin?: Epidermis and dermis. 11. What is the epidermis?: The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells. 12. What is the dermis?: The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues. 13. What are the layers of the epidermis?: Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Germivatum ( basale & spinosum) Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great. 14. What does the protein pigment melanin protect against?: Radiation from the Sun 15. What is the dermis composed of?: Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. 16. What are the 2 types of sweat glands?: ecrine & apocrine 17. What do ecrine sweat glands produce?: Sweat. Regulate body temperature. 18. What do apocrine sweat glands produce?: Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor. 19. What do sebaceous glands secrete?: They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying. 1 / 13 HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology complete questions and correct detailed answers 20. What secretion produces oil?: Holocrine secretion. 21. What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence?: Becoming clogged and attracting bacteria. 22. What protein composes the hair and skin?: Keratin 23. What makes the body's framework?: Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints. 24. What are the functions of the skeletal system?: Support, movement, blood cell formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage. *A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"* 25. How are bones classified?: By shape. Long Short flat irregular sesamoid *LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS* 26. What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone?: Osteoblasts 27. What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix?: They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes. 28. How many bones make up the axial skeleton?: 28 bones of the skull. 1 29. How many bones make the facial skeleton?: 2 nasal bones 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bones 1 mandible 2 palatine bones 1 vomer 2 lacrimal bones 2 inferior nasal bones 30. What are the bones of the cranium?: single occipital frontal 4-facial, 14-cranium. 2 / 13 HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology complete questions and correct detailed answers ethmoid sphenoid paired parietal temporal ossicles 31. What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ?: malleus, incus, stapes 32. How many bones make the skeletal column?: 33 bones 33. How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column?: 7 34. How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column?: 12 35. How many lumbar vertebrae?: 5 36. How many sacral vertebrae?: 5 37. How many coccygeal vertebrae?: 1-the tailbone 38. What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton?: the thorax the sternum 12 pairs of ribs. 39. What makes up the appendicular skeleton?: the bones of the girdle and limbs 40. What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton?: pectoral & shoulder girdle clavicle scapula upper extremities 41. What are the bones of the arm?: Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals (wrist bones) Metacarpals (hand bones) phalanges (finger bones) 3 / 13