Epidemiology HOSA EXAM WITH ANSWERS

Epidemiology HOSA EXAM WITH |\ |\ |\ |\




ANSWERS

epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔scientific method |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



used to investigate, analyze and prevent or control a
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health problem in a population.
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Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a health problem that
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exists in a community to a greater degree than you would
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expect.
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Bias - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a flaw in either the study
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design or data analysis that leads to an erroneous result.
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Case Fatality rate - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical
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quantity that describes the severity of a disease Y,
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proportion of persons diagnosed with a disease Y who
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actually die from disease Y during the period of
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observation:


exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔generic term used to
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describe the effective presence of any agent or factor
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that is thought to cause disease
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,Hypothesis testing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



epidemiological process by which researchers ask the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



question: " Does the association that I have observed
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represent a causal relationship between the putative |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



exposure and the disease?" |\ |\ |\




Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mathematical |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



quantity that describes the presence of a disease Y in a
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population
# with disease Y in population p at a given time
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# in population p
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Incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the occurrence of a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



disease Y in a population. It is the proportion of persons in
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the population who newly develop the disease Y within a
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given time period (t)
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# who develop the disease Y in population p in a time t
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# in population p
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Racial and ethnic health disparities - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔There are very few diseases for which those |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



differences result from biological factors others can |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



usually be traced to socioeconomic phenomena
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, Attributable risks - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔group of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



measures which describe the amount of disease risk that
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can be attributed to a given factor X
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(Incidence in population) - (Incidence in unexposed|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



group)]/ (Incidence in population)
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Screening - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔process of early|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



diagnosis of a disease, i.e. identification of disease or risk
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factors for the disease in its pre-symptomatic or pre-
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clinical stage. Breast cancer screening
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Passive Surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more
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common form of surveillance used by most local and
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state health departments; health care providers report
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notifiable conditions |\




active surveillance - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔data actively
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collected, more specific objective, information-gathering
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tools (questionnaires etc), more useful in epidemiological
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research than passive. |\ |\




Dallas Fire Study - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Study
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measured fires in dallas neighborhoods to find causation,
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concluded that control efforts to prevent house fire
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injuries should target the elderly, minorities, low-income
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populations and houses without functioning smoke |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



alarms.