APEA Pathophysiology Exam
APEA Pathophysiology Exam ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
What is the basic function of hydrostatic pressure?
A.
It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the cellular spaces.
B.
It is a pulling force that keeps fluid in the cells.
C.
It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the vascular spaces.
D.
It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed.
D
Hydrostatic pressure is the force inside the vessel or capillary bed generated by the
contraction of the heart and the blood pressure. Hydrostatic pressure exerts a push inside the
vessel or capillary; that is, it acts to push fluid out of the vessel or capillary through the vessel
wall and into the interstitial space. A high hydrostatic pressure would force more fluid out of
the vessel or capillary and promote edema - swelling from excess fluid outside the vessels.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
Oncotic pressure is responsible for keeping the fluid inside the blood vessels or helping to pull
fluid from the interstitial pressure into the vascular space.
An EMT student who is completing his ride-along time is at the station working on his class
workbook. He has a definition of a term, but he cannot remember the name of the term, so
he asks you what is defined as the amount of air that moves into and out of the airways in a
minute. You respond:
A.
minute volume.
B.
tidal volume.
C.
residual volume.
D.
expiration reserve volume.
A
Minute ventilation, also known as minute volume, is the amount of air that is moved in and
out of the lungs in one minute. It is determined by multiplying the tidal volume by the
frequency of ventilation in one minute. Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that is
left in the respiratory tree after a normal exhalation, dead space ventilation is the air that does
not participate in gas exchange because it is still in the conducting airways, and residual
volume is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after a forceful and maximal exhalation.
You are treating a patient with a gunshot wound on his right chest. What will occur if this
injury causes a break in the continuity of the parietal pleura?
A.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
The lung will increase in size.
B.
Less air is drawn into the pleural space.
C.
The pleural pressure becomes more positive.
D.
The thorax will increase in size with each inhalation.
D
If a break occurs in the continuity of either the parietal pleura from an open wound to the
thorax or to the visceral pleura from an injury to the lung tissue, the negative pressure draws
air into the pleural space. With each inhalation, the thorax will increase in size and the pleural
pressure will become more negative.
Cardiac output is composed of:
A.
blood pressure and heart rate.
B.
systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and heart rate.
C.
blood pressure.
D.
stroke volume and heart rate.
D
To have adequate blood pressure and perfusion, the myocardium must work effectively as a
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
pump. The pump function is typically expressed as the cardiac output. Cardiac output is
defined as the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute. The cardiac output
is determined by the heart rate and the stroke volume. Cardiac output is expressed by the
following equation: cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.
What are the main constitutes of plasma?
A.
Water
B.
Water and proteins
C.
Water and intracellular fluids
D.
Intracellular fluid
B
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma. The formed elements, which are cells
and proteins, make up approximately 45 percent of blood composition. Plasma is the fluid
component that accounts for the remaining 55 percent. The primary function of plasma is to
suspend and carry the formed elements. Plasma is made up primarily of water and plasma
proteins. Water makes up 91 percent of plasma. Intracellular fluid is found in the cells and is
not part of the plasma volume.
From what negative affect regarding gas diffusion in the alveoli would a patient with
pulmonary edema suffer?
A.
Too much blood flow causes too much carbon dioxide removal
A+ TEST BANK 4
APEA Pathophysiology Exam ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS with DETAILED RATIONALES
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR
EXAM
What is the basic function of hydrostatic pressure?
A.
It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the cellular spaces.
B.
It is a pulling force that keeps fluid in the cells.
C.
It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the vascular spaces.
D.
It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed.
D
Hydrostatic pressure is the force inside the vessel or capillary bed generated by the
contraction of the heart and the blood pressure. Hydrostatic pressure exerts a push inside the
vessel or capillary; that is, it acts to push fluid out of the vessel or capillary through the vessel
wall and into the interstitial space. A high hydrostatic pressure would force more fluid out of
the vessel or capillary and promote edema - swelling from excess fluid outside the vessels.
A+ TEST BANK 1
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
Oncotic pressure is responsible for keeping the fluid inside the blood vessels or helping to pull
fluid from the interstitial pressure into the vascular space.
An EMT student who is completing his ride-along time is at the station working on his class
workbook. He has a definition of a term, but he cannot remember the name of the term, so
he asks you what is defined as the amount of air that moves into and out of the airways in a
minute. You respond:
A.
minute volume.
B.
tidal volume.
C.
residual volume.
D.
expiration reserve volume.
A
Minute ventilation, also known as minute volume, is the amount of air that is moved in and
out of the lungs in one minute. It is determined by multiplying the tidal volume by the
frequency of ventilation in one minute. Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that is
left in the respiratory tree after a normal exhalation, dead space ventilation is the air that does
not participate in gas exchange because it is still in the conducting airways, and residual
volume is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after a forceful and maximal exhalation.
You are treating a patient with a gunshot wound on his right chest. What will occur if this
injury causes a break in the continuity of the parietal pleura?
A.
A+ TEST BANK 2
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
The lung will increase in size.
B.
Less air is drawn into the pleural space.
C.
The pleural pressure becomes more positive.
D.
The thorax will increase in size with each inhalation.
D
If a break occurs in the continuity of either the parietal pleura from an open wound to the
thorax or to the visceral pleura from an injury to the lung tissue, the negative pressure draws
air into the pleural space. With each inhalation, the thorax will increase in size and the pleural
pressure will become more negative.
Cardiac output is composed of:
A.
blood pressure and heart rate.
B.
systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and heart rate.
C.
blood pressure.
D.
stroke volume and heart rate.
D
To have adequate blood pressure and perfusion, the myocardium must work effectively as a
A+ TEST BANK 3
, APEA Pathophysiology Exam
pump. The pump function is typically expressed as the cardiac output. Cardiac output is
defined as the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute. The cardiac output
is determined by the heart rate and the stroke volume. Cardiac output is expressed by the
following equation: cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.
What are the main constitutes of plasma?
A.
Water
B.
Water and proteins
C.
Water and intracellular fluids
D.
Intracellular fluid
B
Blood is composed of formed elements and plasma. The formed elements, which are cells
and proteins, make up approximately 45 percent of blood composition. Plasma is the fluid
component that accounts for the remaining 55 percent. The primary function of plasma is to
suspend and carry the formed elements. Plasma is made up primarily of water and plasma
proteins. Water makes up 91 percent of plasma. Intracellular fluid is found in the cells and is
not part of the plasma volume.
From what negative affect regarding gas diffusion in the alveoli would a patient with
pulmonary edema suffer?
A.
Too much blood flow causes too much carbon dioxide removal
A+ TEST BANK 4
