REVIEW 2026 114 QUESTIONS FULL
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS
⩥ Barriers to entry. Answer: Obstacles that impede an organization as it
seeks to enter a market
⩥ Branding. Answer: A community-wide communication effort to
convey the mission and the competitive advantage of an organization
⩥ Breach of contract. Answer: A contracting party's failure or refusal to
perform its obligations specified in a contract
⩥ Business model. Answer: The underlying structure of an organization;
the means through which an organization creates and delivers value to
its customers and earns revenues
⩥ Business plan. Answer: A model of a specific strategy or function that
guides design, operations, and goal setting
⩥ Certificate of need. Answer: Certificate or approval for new services
and for construction or renovation of hospitals or related facilities;
issued in many states
,⩥ Collective bargaining. Answer: An activity whereby union and
management officials attempt to resolve conflicting interests in a manner
that will sustain and possibly enrich their continuing relationships
⩥ Contract. Answer: A voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding
agreement between two or more competent parties; usually written but
sometimes spoken or implied
⩥ Core competencies. Answer: The internal activities and functions
central to fulfilling an organization's mission; strategically valuable, they
are the essence of what makes the organization unique in providing
value to its customers
⩥ Crisis communications plan. Answer: A process for disseminating
information to all organizational stakeholders in the event of an
emergency
⩥ Defamation. Answer: The act of making untrue statements about
another that damage the person's reputation; written defamation is libel,
and oral defamation is slander
⩥ Distruptive innovation. Answer: Innovation that creates a new market
by discovering new categories of customers, eventually displacing the
existing market; occurs when new technologies are harnessed or when
new business models exploit old technologies
,⩥ Economies of scale. Answer: Reductions in unit cost as a result of an
increase in number of products or services produced
⩥ First movers. Answer: Organizations that consistently search for
innovation opportunities and attempt to gain competitive advantages by
being among the first to enter a new market or industry
⩥ Five Forces model. Answer: A framework devised by Harvard
economist Michael Porter for analyzing the degree of competition in a
market and the ability of established organizations to influence prices
⩥ Forecasting. Answer: Use of data from the past and present to analyze
trends and predict the future; also called scenario planning
⩥ Four basic types of market structure. Answer: Perfection competition,
monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly; each type reflects the
number of organizations in a market and their degree of market
influence
⩥ Four Ps. Answer: Four attributes that have traditionally been used to
establish an organization's market position: product, price, promotion,
and place
⩥ Gantt chart. Answer: A bar chart that lays out the schedules, steps, and
time frames of a project or projects
, ⩥ Gap analysis. Answer: A method of identifying the distance between
an organization's current position and its desired position with regard to
its mission, vision, and values
⩥ Generic strategies. Answer: Commonly used strategies that combine a
target market (e.g., a small segment of a population) and a type of
differentiation (e.g., low cost)
⩥ Healthcare disparities. Answer: Differences in access to or availability
of healthcare facilities and services; related but different, health
disparities refer to variation in the rates of disease occurrence and
disabilities among socioeconomic, geographic, social, cultural, and
sexual- or gender identify-defined population groups
⩥ Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Answer: A measure of market
concentration calculated by squaring the market share percentage of
each organization in a market and then summing the numbers
⩥ Horizontal expansion. Answer: The acquisition or merger of two or
more organizations that produce similar products or services
⩥ Internal environmental analysis. Answer: Evaluation of an
organization's products, assets, operations, and other factors to determine
whether the organization is carrying out its mission effectively and
efficiently