HSCO 511 FINAL ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Know what happens when a child passes their newborn hearing
screening.
What if it is a False negative?. Answer: They get discharge from the
hospital, nothing serious
False positive= does not have a hearing loss but fails exam anyways.
False negative = does have a hearing loss but passes the exam
anyways.
With a false negative, the hearing loss will go undetected, causing
the child to miss out on the critical period of language development
◉ Know what happens next if a child fails their newborn hearing
screening. Answer: Pass / Refer screening protocol
→ can result in false negatives or false positives
,Fail:
- *Full Audiological Assessment* (audiometry) - Otoacoustic
Emissions,
- Consideration of *risk factors*
- *Otolaryngological examination* (examination of the nose, ears,
and throat)
- Referral for *early intervention services*
- Possible referral to other *specialists*
◉ Be able to identify risk factors for hearing loss in infants. Answer:
Family History → hearing/deafness history, genetics, infections
Low Birth Weight → developmental issues stemming from
embryonic development; born prematurely, etc.
Low Apgar scores
In utero infection → complications with the mother could cause
damage to the development of the baby
Ototoxic medications → cause damage to the hair cells inside the ear
= hearing deficits
,Ventilator use for more than 5 days
Craniofacial anomalies → cleft palate, skull malformations, etc.
Syndrome
Meningitis → infection of the subarachnoid space in the brain; can
cause in infants
Hyperbilirubinemia
◉ Define Prelingual, Perilingual, and Postlingual Deafness. Answer:
Prelingual deafness = deaf before acquiring language.
Perilingual deafness = deaf during the time when acquiring
language.
Postlingual deafness = deaf after acquiring language
◉ Define Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Deafness. Answer:
Prenatal Deafness = Deaf before birth
, Perinatal Deafness = Became deaf during birth (usually due to
complications)
Postnatal Deafness = Became deaf after birth
◉ Know the etiologies (reasons/causes of) of hearing loss in
children with prelingual deafness. Answer: # of children with
Prelingual deafness = 3/1000 births
25% Idiopathic (don't know)
25% Non-genetic (other reasons outside of genetics; infections,
complications, etc)
50% Genetics
- 70% nonsyndromic = just the deafness, no other co-occurring
issues.
- 30% syndrome = has other genetic / health issues present.
◉ Example Non-genetic causes of prelingual deafness. Answer: -
Intrauterine Infection
- RH-factor complications (different blood types)
- Prematurity / low birth weight
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Know what happens when a child passes their newborn hearing
screening.
What if it is a False negative?. Answer: They get discharge from the
hospital, nothing serious
False positive= does not have a hearing loss but fails exam anyways.
False negative = does have a hearing loss but passes the exam
anyways.
With a false negative, the hearing loss will go undetected, causing
the child to miss out on the critical period of language development
◉ Know what happens next if a child fails their newborn hearing
screening. Answer: Pass / Refer screening protocol
→ can result in false negatives or false positives
,Fail:
- *Full Audiological Assessment* (audiometry) - Otoacoustic
Emissions,
- Consideration of *risk factors*
- *Otolaryngological examination* (examination of the nose, ears,
and throat)
- Referral for *early intervention services*
- Possible referral to other *specialists*
◉ Be able to identify risk factors for hearing loss in infants. Answer:
Family History → hearing/deafness history, genetics, infections
Low Birth Weight → developmental issues stemming from
embryonic development; born prematurely, etc.
Low Apgar scores
In utero infection → complications with the mother could cause
damage to the development of the baby
Ototoxic medications → cause damage to the hair cells inside the ear
= hearing deficits
,Ventilator use for more than 5 days
Craniofacial anomalies → cleft palate, skull malformations, etc.
Syndrome
Meningitis → infection of the subarachnoid space in the brain; can
cause in infants
Hyperbilirubinemia
◉ Define Prelingual, Perilingual, and Postlingual Deafness. Answer:
Prelingual deafness = deaf before acquiring language.
Perilingual deafness = deaf during the time when acquiring
language.
Postlingual deafness = deaf after acquiring language
◉ Define Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Deafness. Answer:
Prenatal Deafness = Deaf before birth
, Perinatal Deafness = Became deaf during birth (usually due to
complications)
Postnatal Deafness = Became deaf after birth
◉ Know the etiologies (reasons/causes of) of hearing loss in
children with prelingual deafness. Answer: # of children with
Prelingual deafness = 3/1000 births
25% Idiopathic (don't know)
25% Non-genetic (other reasons outside of genetics; infections,
complications, etc)
50% Genetics
- 70% nonsyndromic = just the deafness, no other co-occurring
issues.
- 30% syndrome = has other genetic / health issues present.
◉ Example Non-genetic causes of prelingual deafness. Answer: -
Intrauterine Infection
- RH-factor complications (different blood types)
- Prematurity / low birth weight
