NUR 150 – Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
LAB VALUES
pH
7.35-7.45
pH <7.35 = acidotic
pH >7.45 = alkalotic
LAB VALUES
PaO2
80-100mmHg
• indicates poor oxygenation in arterial blood
Measurement of amount of O2 dissolved in blood, and how well
O2 can enter the blood from the lungs to maintain a normal pH.
LAB VALUES
PaCO2
35-45mmHg
PaCO2 <35 = respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2 >45 = respiratory acidosis
Measurement of CO2 and how well it is able to exit the blood to
be exhaled (blown off).
PaCO2 = aCid
,LAB VALUES
HC03 (bicarbonate)
21-28 mEq/L
HCO3 <21 = metabolic acidosis (or RAk compensation)
HCO3 >28 = metabolic alkalosis (or RAc compensation)
Measures bicarb in blood; maintains pH level. Regulated by the
kidneys.
Bicarb = base
LAB VALUES
Sodium (Na+)
135-145 mEq/L
Soddium: odd numbers 1,3,5 → 135
LAB VALUES
Calcium (Ca2+)
9-11mg/dL
Call 9-11
LAB VALUES
Potassium (K+)
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
• regulated by the kidneys
• vital for nerve & muscle function, acid-base balance, and cell
,metabolism. 4
3-5 bananas in a bunch (get them ½ off) so 3.5-5
LAB VALUES
Magnesium (Mg2+)
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
• regulates BP, muscle contraction & nerve function
Magnifying glass - like 1.3-2.1 times actual size
LAB VALUES
Chloride (Cl-)
95-105 mEq/L
Chlorinated pool, you swim when it's 95º-105º.
• maintains acid-base balance & fluid balance
LAB VALUES
Phosphorous (P04-)
3-4.5 mEq/L
3,4,5 for us? (Fiveforus ~ Phosphorous)
LAB VALUES
RBCs (erythrocytes)
4.2-6.1 million/uL
• lifespan of RBC is 120 days
, • fluid volume overload → low RBC
• renal disease → low RBC
• dehydration → high RBC
LAB VALUES
WBCs (leukocytes)
5000-10000/uL
• immunosuppression → low WBC
• autoimmune disease → low WBC
• infection → high WBC
• malignant leukemia → high WBC
LAB VALUES
Platelets (thrombocytes)
150000-450000/mm3
• for blood clotting & scab formation
• bleeding → low platelets
• cancers → high platelets
• infection → high platelets
LAB VALUES
Hemoglobin
12-18 g/dL
• females have lower values than males (12-16 vs. 14-18)
• fluid retention → low Hgb
LAB VALUES
pH
7.35-7.45
pH <7.35 = acidotic
pH >7.45 = alkalotic
LAB VALUES
PaO2
80-100mmHg
• indicates poor oxygenation in arterial blood
Measurement of amount of O2 dissolved in blood, and how well
O2 can enter the blood from the lungs to maintain a normal pH.
LAB VALUES
PaCO2
35-45mmHg
PaCO2 <35 = respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2 >45 = respiratory acidosis
Measurement of CO2 and how well it is able to exit the blood to
be exhaled (blown off).
PaCO2 = aCid
,LAB VALUES
HC03 (bicarbonate)
21-28 mEq/L
HCO3 <21 = metabolic acidosis (or RAk compensation)
HCO3 >28 = metabolic alkalosis (or RAc compensation)
Measures bicarb in blood; maintains pH level. Regulated by the
kidneys.
Bicarb = base
LAB VALUES
Sodium (Na+)
135-145 mEq/L
Soddium: odd numbers 1,3,5 → 135
LAB VALUES
Calcium (Ca2+)
9-11mg/dL
Call 9-11
LAB VALUES
Potassium (K+)
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
• regulated by the kidneys
• vital for nerve & muscle function, acid-base balance, and cell
,metabolism. 4
3-5 bananas in a bunch (get them ½ off) so 3.5-5
LAB VALUES
Magnesium (Mg2+)
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
• regulates BP, muscle contraction & nerve function
Magnifying glass - like 1.3-2.1 times actual size
LAB VALUES
Chloride (Cl-)
95-105 mEq/L
Chlorinated pool, you swim when it's 95º-105º.
• maintains acid-base balance & fluid balance
LAB VALUES
Phosphorous (P04-)
3-4.5 mEq/L
3,4,5 for us? (Fiveforus ~ Phosphorous)
LAB VALUES
RBCs (erythrocytes)
4.2-6.1 million/uL
• lifespan of RBC is 120 days
, • fluid volume overload → low RBC
• renal disease → low RBC
• dehydration → high RBC
LAB VALUES
WBCs (leukocytes)
5000-10000/uL
• immunosuppression → low WBC
• autoimmune disease → low WBC
• infection → high WBC
• malignant leukemia → high WBC
LAB VALUES
Platelets (thrombocytes)
150000-450000/mm3
• for blood clotting & scab formation
• bleeding → low platelets
• cancers → high platelets
• infection → high platelets
LAB VALUES
Hemoglobin
12-18 g/dL
• females have lower values than males (12-16 vs. 14-18)
• fluid retention → low Hgb
