Comprehensive Maternity Nursing Study Guide: Reproductive Health, Hormones, Menopause, and Lactation|Questions Provided with A+ Graded Answers

Comprehensive Maternity Nursing Study Guide: Reproductive Health, Hormones, Menopause, and Lactation|Questions Provided with A+ Graded Answers History assessment Past medical history, family history, abuse history, present illness, review of systems, biographic data physical examination general appearance, VS, objective data, specimen collections and vulvar, pelvic and bimanual exams HPV shot protects against cervical cancer child bearing age - be sure to rule out ectopic pregnancy ovaries makes the eggs progesterone function stimulates development and maintenance of endometrium that prepares it for implantation. LH (luteinizing hormone) a hormone that causes the secretion of sex hormones by the ovaries from anterior pituitary FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates secretion of ovarian sex hormones, development of ovarian follicles Estradiol rises during ovulation days you can get pregnant Dya #14 through Day #28 PCOS is associated with oligomenorrhea, obesity, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries. These patients have an increased risk for developing endometrial adenocarcinoma (unopposed estrogen and progesterone is low) and type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance) associated with increased LH:FSH ratio menopause The biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines (that first year with no period) oophorectomy surgical removal of one or both ovaries salpingo-oophorectomy the surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary Menopause Management - Estrogen + progesterone replacement therapy - Calcium replacement - Exercise OJ and almond milk fortified with calcium and vitamin D Montgomery glands sebaceous glands that secrete a protective lipid substance during lactation Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary, stimulates milk Prolactin stimulates milk production fibrocystic breasts benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods gynecomastia development of breast tissue in males (also newborns) hyperemesis gravidarum severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus amenorrhea absence of menstruation menorrhagia excessive menses dysmenorrhea painful menses PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder - a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle. endometriosis Growth of endometrial tissue anywhere outside of uterus hysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus Ghonorrhea and chlamydia report to CDC placenta previa abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix abruptio placentae premature detachment of a normally situated placenta Normal vaginal flora lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis, E. coli, Group B strep (agalactiae), genital mycoplasmatales, candida Leopold's Maneuvers Palpation to determine presentation and position of the fetus and aid in location of fetal heart sounds. Head=hard, round, movable object Buttocks=soft and irregular shape Back=smooth, hard surface felt on one side of the abdomen Irregular knobs and lumps on opposite side of abdomen may be hands, feet, elbows, and knees Gnorrhea sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract ceftriaxone shot Chlamydia treated with doxycycline (can't use when pregnant or under 7 years old) - Can stain baby's teeth and hault bone development Syphyllis bacterial STI; treat with PCN Labor Stage 1 - Active phase Cervix dilated 4-7 cm - regular contractions every 3-5 min that lasts 1+ min - 80% effacement - time to get admitted to labor and delivery labor stage 2 Full dilation. Intense contractions that are every 1-2 minutes. Pushing leads to birth. labor stage 3: delivery of placenta labor stage 4 Period 1 to 4 hours after delivery Blood pressure returns to prelabor level. Pulse is slightly lower than during labor. Fundus remains contracted, in the midline, 1 or 2 fingerbreadths below the umbilicus. PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; inflammation of a woman's reproductive organs Bacteria treatment Can be treated by antibiotics (like penicillin and amoxicillin, many can be treated by vaccines virus treatment -vaccines -antiviral drug ( NON HIV) -antiretroviral ( HIV) Hep A spreads by fecal-oral hep b spreads by blood hep c Spread by - blood, drug abuse, sex HIV A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. infertility treatment -Fertility drugs -Alternative insemination -Assisted reproductive technology -Nonsurgical embryo transfer -Surrogate motherhood -Adoption Apgar scale heart rate (under 100 is 1) over 100 is 2 respiratory effort (weak cry is 1) strong cry is 2 muscle tone some flexion (1) well flexed extremities (2) reflex irritability grimace 1, cry 2 color pink with blue hands/feet 1, completely pink 2 plantar surface of a newborn full term have full creases pre term have faint or absent creases newborn breast bud should be 3-10 mm for full term weight gain in pregnancy with normal BMI 1 trimester - 2-4 pounds 2/3 trimester - 1 pound per week for total of 25-35 pounds menorrhagia Betamethasone glucocorticosteroid given to enhance fetal lung maturity Nifidipine given for preterm labor