Acid & Base Questions Answered
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute d) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO 2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO 2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO 3 The increased PaCO 2 indicates respiratory acidosis and the low pH
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret indicates that the respiratory acidosis is uncompensated. The PaO 2 is
these findings? normal, indicating that the client is not hypoxemic. The elevated PaCO 2
indicates hypercapnia. The HCO 3 is normal, indicating that there is no
a) Hypoxemia metabolic acidosis.
b) Hypocapnia
c) Compensated metabolic acidosis
d) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
A client with esophageal varices experiences severe c) Triple-lumen; for esophageal compression
hematemesis, and a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is
inserted. Which design and purpose does the tube One lumen inflates the esophageal balloon that compresses the esophagus,
have? the second inflates the gastric balloon, and the third is attached to suction
to decompress the stomach
a) Single-lumen; for gastric lavage
b) Double-lumen; for intestinal decompression
c) Triple-lumen; for esophageal compression
d) Multi-lumen; for gastric and intestinal
decompression
1
, Acid & Base Questions Answered
The clinic nurse is taking the sexual health history of d) Hyperventilation syndrome
an adolescent when the adolescent begins to
perspire and hyperventilate. The client reports feeling Hyperventilation syndrome is respiratory alkalosis that occurs with deep,
dizzy and short of breath. Which condition would the rapid breathing; the clinical findings are related to an increased pH and
nurse identify? lowered bicarbonate and oxygen levels. Metabolic alkalosis is manifested
by adaptations such as hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, hyperreflexia,
a) Metabolic alkalosis and dysrhythmias. Respiratory acidosis is manifested by adaptations such as
b) Respiratory acidosis tachycardia, headache, altered mental status, muscle twitching, and warm,
c) Pulmonary hypertension flushed skin. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the pulmonary arterial
d) Hyperventilation syndrome pressure is increased; chronic pulmonary disorders are associated with
pulmonary hypertension.
The nurse is caring for a client who is vomiting. When 2, 3, 4, 1
caring for this client, the nurse recalls that the
vomiting reflex follows a set pattern. List the steps in
the order that they occur.
1) Closure of the trachea to prevent aspiration
2) Initiation of reverse peristalsis in the stomach
3) Contraction of abdominal muscles
4) Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
2
The arterial blood gases for a client with acute d) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
respiratory distress are pH 7.30, PaO 2 80 mm Hg
(10.64 kPa), PaCO 2 55 mm Hg (7.32 kPa), and HCO 3 The increased PaCO 2 indicates respiratory acidosis and the low pH
23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret indicates that the respiratory acidosis is uncompensated. The PaO 2 is
these findings? normal, indicating that the client is not hypoxemic. The elevated PaCO 2
indicates hypercapnia. The HCO 3 is normal, indicating that there is no
a) Hypoxemia metabolic acidosis.
b) Hypocapnia
c) Compensated metabolic acidosis
d) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
A client with esophageal varices experiences severe c) Triple-lumen; for esophageal compression
hematemesis, and a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is
inserted. Which design and purpose does the tube One lumen inflates the esophageal balloon that compresses the esophagus,
have? the second inflates the gastric balloon, and the third is attached to suction
to decompress the stomach
a) Single-lumen; for gastric lavage
b) Double-lumen; for intestinal decompression
c) Triple-lumen; for esophageal compression
d) Multi-lumen; for gastric and intestinal
decompression
1
, Acid & Base Questions Answered
The clinic nurse is taking the sexual health history of d) Hyperventilation syndrome
an adolescent when the adolescent begins to
perspire and hyperventilate. The client reports feeling Hyperventilation syndrome is respiratory alkalosis that occurs with deep,
dizzy and short of breath. Which condition would the rapid breathing; the clinical findings are related to an increased pH and
nurse identify? lowered bicarbonate and oxygen levels. Metabolic alkalosis is manifested
by adaptations such as hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, hyperreflexia,
a) Metabolic alkalosis and dysrhythmias. Respiratory acidosis is manifested by adaptations such as
b) Respiratory acidosis tachycardia, headache, altered mental status, muscle twitching, and warm,
c) Pulmonary hypertension flushed skin. Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the pulmonary arterial
d) Hyperventilation syndrome pressure is increased; chronic pulmonary disorders are associated with
pulmonary hypertension.
The nurse is caring for a client who is vomiting. When 2, 3, 4, 1
caring for this client, the nurse recalls that the
vomiting reflex follows a set pattern. List the steps in
the order that they occur.
1) Closure of the trachea to prevent aspiration
2) Initiation of reverse peristalsis in the stomach
3) Contraction of abdominal muscles
4) Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
2
