1
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Amstudentmismobservingmamcellmundermthemmicroscope.mItmismobservedmtomhavemsupercoiledmDNAmwithmhistones.m
Whichmofmthemfollowingmwouldmalsombemobservedmbymthemstudent?
a. Amsinglemcircularmchromosome
b. Amnucleus
c. Free-floatingmnuclearmmaterial
d. Nomorganelles
ANS:mB
Themcellmdescribedmismameukaryoticmcell,msomitmhasmhistonesmandmamsupercoiledmDNAmwithinmitsmnucleus;mthus,mt
hemnucleusmshouldmbemobserved.mAmsinglemcircularmchromosomemcalledmamprokaryotemcontainsmfree-
floatingmnuclearmmaterialmbutmhasmnomorganelles.
REF:mp.m2
2. Amnursemisminstructingmthemstaffmaboutmcellularmfunctions.mWhichmcellularmfunctionmismthemnursemdescribingmwh
enmanmisolatedmcellmabsorbsmoxygenmandmusesmitmtomtransformmnutrientsmtomenergy?
a. Metabolicmabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:mD
Themcell’smabilitymtomabsorbmoxygenmismreferredmtomasmrespirationmwhilemitsmcommunicationmabilityminvolvesmma
intenancemofmamsteadymdynamicmstate,mmetabolicmabsorptionmprovidesmnutrition,mandmsecretionmallowsmformthemsy
nthesizingmofmnewmsubstances.
REF:mp.m2
3. AmeukaryoticmcellmismundergoingmDNAmreplication.mInmwhichmregionmofmthemcellmwouldmmostmofmthemgeneticminfor
mationmbemcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusmCytoplasm
ANS:mC
Themregionmofmthemcellmthatmcontainsmgeneticmmaterial,mincludingmamlargemamountmofmribonucleicmacid,mmostm
ofmthemDNA,mandmDNA-
bindingmproteins,mismthemnucleolus,mwhichmismlocatedmwithinmthemcell’smnucleus.mMitochondriamismassociatedm
withmcellularmrespiration,mwhilemribosomesmareminvolvedmwithmproteinmmanufacturing.mCytoplasmmismamfluidm
fillingmthatmismamcomponentmofmthemcell.
REF:mp.m2
,2
4.m m Whichmofmthemfollowingmcanmremovemproteinsmattachedmtomthemcell’smbilayermbymdissolvingmthemlayermitself?
a. Peripheralmmembranemproteins
b. Integralmmembranemproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellmadhesionmmolecules
ANS:mB
Proteinsmdirectlymattachedmtomthemmembranembilayermcanmbemremovedmbymthemactionmofmintegralmmembranemprot
einsmthatmdissolvemthembilayer.mPeripheralmmembranemproteinsmresidematmthemsurfacemwhilemcellmadhesionmmolecu
lesmaremonmthemoutsidemofmthemmembrane.mGlycoproteinmmarksmcellsmandmdoesmnotmfloat.
REF:mp.m7
5. Whichmofmthemfollowingmcanmbindmtomplasmammembranemreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicmlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:mD
Ligandsmaremthemonlymspecificmmoleculesmthatmcanmbindmwithmreceptorsmonmthemcellmmemb
rane.mREF:mp.m9
6. Amnursemismreviewingmamreportmfrommampatientmwithmmetastaticmcancer.mWhatmalternationminmthemextracellularm
matrixmwouldmsupportmthemdiagnosismofmmetastaticmcancer?
A. Decreasedmfibronectin
B. Increasedmcollagen
C. Decreasedmelastin
D. Increasedmglycoproteins
ANS:mA
Onlymamreducedmamountmofmfibronectinmismfoundminmsomemtypesmofmcancerousmcells,mallowingmthemmtomtravelmorm
metastasize.
REF:mp.m10
7. Whichmformmofmcellmcommunicationmismusedmtomrelatemtomothermcellsminmdirectmphysicalmcontact?ma.mCellmjunction
b. Gapmjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightmjunction
ANS:mA
Cellmjunctionsmholdmcellsmtogethermandmpermitmmoleculesmtompassmfrommcellmtomcell.
Gapmjunctionsmallowmformcellularmcommunicationmbetweenmcells.mNeithermdesmosomesmnormtightmjunctionsmarema
ssociatedmwithmcellularmcommunication.
REF:mp.m11
,3
8.m Pancreaticmbetamcellsmsecreteminsulin,mwhichminhibitsmsecretionmofmglucagonmfrommneighboringmalphamcells.mT
hismactionmismanmexamplemofmwhichmofmthemfollowingmsignalingmtypes?ma.mParacrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:mA
Paracrinemsignalingminvolvesmthemreleasemofmlocalmchemicalmmediatorsmthatmaremquicklymtakenmup,mdestroyed,mor
mimmobilized,masminmthemcasemofminsulinmandmtheminhibitionmofmthemsecretionmofmglucagon.mNonemofmthemothermop
tionsminvolvemsignalingmthatmismassociatedmwithmamlocalmchemicalmmediatormlikeminsulin.
REF:mp.m12
9. Inmcellularmmetabolism,meachmenzymemhasmamhighmaffinitymforma:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:mB
Eachmenzymemhasmamhighmaffinitymformamsubstrate,mamspecificmsubstancemconvertedmtomamproductmofmthemreaction.
mCellularmmetabolismmismnotmdependentmonmanmattractionmbetweenmanmenzymemandmanymofmthemremainingmoption
s.
REF:mp.m16
10. Anmathletemrunsmammarathon,maftermwhichmhismmusclesmfeelmfatiguedmandmunablemtomcontract.mThemathletemasksmthe
mnursemwhymthismhappened.mThemnurse’smresponsemismbasedmonmthemknowledgemthatmthemproblemmismresultmofmamde
ficiencymof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:mC
WhenmATPmismdeficient,mimpairedmmusclemcontractionmresults.mNonemofmthemothermoptionsmareminvolvedminmmus
clemcontraction.
REF:mp.m16
11. WhichmphasemofmcatabolismmproducesmthemmostmATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricmacidmcycle
ANS:mD
WhilemsomemATPmismproducedmduringmthemoxidationmandmglycolysismphases,mmostmofmthemATPmismgeneratedmd
uringmthemcitricmacidmcycle.mDigestionmdoesmnotmproducemanymATP.
REF:mp.m16
, 4
12.m m Amnursemismteachingmthemstaffmaboutmthemphasesmofmcellularmcatabolism.mWhichmphasesmshouldmthemnurseminclude?
a. Digestion,mglycolysis,moxidation,mandmthemcitricmacidmcycle
b. Diffusion,mosmosis,mandmmediatedmtransport
c. Smphase,mGmphase,mandmMmphase
d. Metabolicmabsorption,mrespiration,mandmexcretion
ANS:mA
Onlymdigestion,mglycolysis,moxidation,mandmthemcitricmacidmcyclemaremthemphasesmofmcellularmcatabolis
m.mREF:mp.m16
13. Amrunnermhasmdepletedmallmthemoxygenmavailablemformmusclemenergy.mWhichmofmthemfollowingmwillmfacilita
temhismcontinuedmmusclemperformance?ma.mElectron-transportmchain
b. Aerobicmglycolysis
c. Anaerobicmglycolysis
d. Oxidativemphosphorylation
ANS:mC
Whenmnomoxygenmismavailable,manaerobicmglycolysismoccurs.mThemelectron-
transportmchainmismpartmofmthemcitricmacidmcycle.mAerobicmglycolysisminvolvesmthempresencemofmoxygen.mOxidativ
emphosphorylationmismthemmechanismmbymwhichmthemenergymproducedmfrommcarbohydrates,mfats,mandmproteinsmis
mtransferredmtomATP.mItmismnotmpartmofmmusclemperformance.
REF:
p.m16
14. Amfacultymmembermasksmamstudentmtomidentifymthemappropriatemtermmformthemmovementmofmamsolutemfrommanm
areamofmgreatermtomlessermconcentration.mWhichmanswermindicatesmthemnursingmstudentmunderstoodmthemteachi
ng?ma.
Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticmpressure
d. Activemtransport
ANS:mB
Diffusionmismthemmovementmofmamsolutemmoleculemfrommanmareamofmgreatermsolutemconcentrationmtomanmareamofml
essermsolutemconcentrationmthroughmampermeablemmembrane.mOsmosismismthemmovementmofmwatermacrossmamsemi
permeablemmembranemfrommamregionmofmhighermwatermconcentrationmtomonemofmlowermconcentration.mHydrostati
cmpressuremismthemforcemofmfluidmagainstmamcellmmembrane.mInmactivemtransport,mmoleculesmmovemupmamconcentr
ationmgradient.
REF:mp.m19
15. Whichmdescriptionmaccuratelymdescribesmelectrolytes?
a. Smallmlipid-solublemmolecules
b. Largemproteinmmolecules
c. MicronutrientsmusedmtomproducemATP
d. Electricallymchargedmmolecules
ANS:mD
Electrolytesmaremelectricallymchargedmmolecules.mTheymaremnotmlipidmsoluble,mtheymaremnotmmademupmofmprotein,m
andmtheymdomnotmplaymamroleminmATPmproduction.
REF:mp.m18
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Amstudentmismobservingmamcellmundermthemmicroscope.mItmismobservedmtomhavemsupercoiledmDNAmwithmhistones.m
Whichmofmthemfollowingmwouldmalsombemobservedmbymthemstudent?
a. Amsinglemcircularmchromosome
b. Amnucleus
c. Free-floatingmnuclearmmaterial
d. Nomorganelles
ANS:mB
Themcellmdescribedmismameukaryoticmcell,msomitmhasmhistonesmandmamsupercoiledmDNAmwithinmitsmnucleus;mthus,mt
hemnucleusmshouldmbemobserved.mAmsinglemcircularmchromosomemcalledmamprokaryotemcontainsmfree-
floatingmnuclearmmaterialmbutmhasmnomorganelles.
REF:mp.m2
2. Amnursemisminstructingmthemstaffmaboutmcellularmfunctions.mWhichmcellularmfunctionmismthemnursemdescribingmwh
enmanmisolatedmcellmabsorbsmoxygenmandmusesmitmtomtransformmnutrientsmtomenergy?
a. Metabolicmabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:mD
Themcell’smabilitymtomabsorbmoxygenmismreferredmtomasmrespirationmwhilemitsmcommunicationmabilityminvolvesmma
intenancemofmamsteadymdynamicmstate,mmetabolicmabsorptionmprovidesmnutrition,mandmsecretionmallowsmformthemsy
nthesizingmofmnewmsubstances.
REF:mp.m2
3. AmeukaryoticmcellmismundergoingmDNAmreplication.mInmwhichmregionmofmthemcellmwouldmmostmofmthemgeneticminfor
mationmbemcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusmCytoplasm
ANS:mC
Themregionmofmthemcellmthatmcontainsmgeneticmmaterial,mincludingmamlargemamountmofmribonucleicmacid,mmostm
ofmthemDNA,mandmDNA-
bindingmproteins,mismthemnucleolus,mwhichmismlocatedmwithinmthemcell’smnucleus.mMitochondriamismassociatedm
withmcellularmrespiration,mwhilemribosomesmareminvolvedmwithmproteinmmanufacturing.mCytoplasmmismamfluidm
fillingmthatmismamcomponentmofmthemcell.
REF:mp.m2
,2
4.m m Whichmofmthemfollowingmcanmremovemproteinsmattachedmtomthemcell’smbilayermbymdissolvingmthemlayermitself?
a. Peripheralmmembranemproteins
b. Integralmmembranemproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellmadhesionmmolecules
ANS:mB
Proteinsmdirectlymattachedmtomthemmembranembilayermcanmbemremovedmbymthemactionmofmintegralmmembranemprot
einsmthatmdissolvemthembilayer.mPeripheralmmembranemproteinsmresidematmthemsurfacemwhilemcellmadhesionmmolecu
lesmaremonmthemoutsidemofmthemmembrane.mGlycoproteinmmarksmcellsmandmdoesmnotmfloat.
REF:mp.m7
5. Whichmofmthemfollowingmcanmbindmtomplasmammembranemreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicmlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:mD
Ligandsmaremthemonlymspecificmmoleculesmthatmcanmbindmwithmreceptorsmonmthemcellmmemb
rane.mREF:mp.m9
6. Amnursemismreviewingmamreportmfrommampatientmwithmmetastaticmcancer.mWhatmalternationminmthemextracellularm
matrixmwouldmsupportmthemdiagnosismofmmetastaticmcancer?
A. Decreasedmfibronectin
B. Increasedmcollagen
C. Decreasedmelastin
D. Increasedmglycoproteins
ANS:mA
Onlymamreducedmamountmofmfibronectinmismfoundminmsomemtypesmofmcancerousmcells,mallowingmthemmtomtravelmorm
metastasize.
REF:mp.m10
7. Whichmformmofmcellmcommunicationmismusedmtomrelatemtomothermcellsminmdirectmphysicalmcontact?ma.mCellmjunction
b. Gapmjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightmjunction
ANS:mA
Cellmjunctionsmholdmcellsmtogethermandmpermitmmoleculesmtompassmfrommcellmtomcell.
Gapmjunctionsmallowmformcellularmcommunicationmbetweenmcells.mNeithermdesmosomesmnormtightmjunctionsmarema
ssociatedmwithmcellularmcommunication.
REF:mp.m11
,3
8.m Pancreaticmbetamcellsmsecreteminsulin,mwhichminhibitsmsecretionmofmglucagonmfrommneighboringmalphamcells.mT
hismactionmismanmexamplemofmwhichmofmthemfollowingmsignalingmtypes?ma.mParacrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:mA
Paracrinemsignalingminvolvesmthemreleasemofmlocalmchemicalmmediatorsmthatmaremquicklymtakenmup,mdestroyed,mor
mimmobilized,masminmthemcasemofminsulinmandmtheminhibitionmofmthemsecretionmofmglucagon.mNonemofmthemothermop
tionsminvolvemsignalingmthatmismassociatedmwithmamlocalmchemicalmmediatormlikeminsulin.
REF:mp.m12
9. Inmcellularmmetabolism,meachmenzymemhasmamhighmaffinitymforma:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:mB
Eachmenzymemhasmamhighmaffinitymformamsubstrate,mamspecificmsubstancemconvertedmtomamproductmofmthemreaction.
mCellularmmetabolismmismnotmdependentmonmanmattractionmbetweenmanmenzymemandmanymofmthemremainingmoption
s.
REF:mp.m16
10. Anmathletemrunsmammarathon,maftermwhichmhismmusclesmfeelmfatiguedmandmunablemtomcontract.mThemathletemasksmthe
mnursemwhymthismhappened.mThemnurse’smresponsemismbasedmonmthemknowledgemthatmthemproblemmismresultmofmamde
ficiencymof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:mC
WhenmATPmismdeficient,mimpairedmmusclemcontractionmresults.mNonemofmthemothermoptionsmareminvolvedminmmus
clemcontraction.
REF:mp.m16
11. WhichmphasemofmcatabolismmproducesmthemmostmATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricmacidmcycle
ANS:mD
WhilemsomemATPmismproducedmduringmthemoxidationmandmglycolysismphases,mmostmofmthemATPmismgeneratedmd
uringmthemcitricmacidmcycle.mDigestionmdoesmnotmproducemanymATP.
REF:mp.m16
, 4
12.m m Amnursemismteachingmthemstaffmaboutmthemphasesmofmcellularmcatabolism.mWhichmphasesmshouldmthemnurseminclude?
a. Digestion,mglycolysis,moxidation,mandmthemcitricmacidmcycle
b. Diffusion,mosmosis,mandmmediatedmtransport
c. Smphase,mGmphase,mandmMmphase
d. Metabolicmabsorption,mrespiration,mandmexcretion
ANS:mA
Onlymdigestion,mglycolysis,moxidation,mandmthemcitricmacidmcyclemaremthemphasesmofmcellularmcatabolis
m.mREF:mp.m16
13. Amrunnermhasmdepletedmallmthemoxygenmavailablemformmusclemenergy.mWhichmofmthemfollowingmwillmfacilita
temhismcontinuedmmusclemperformance?ma.mElectron-transportmchain
b. Aerobicmglycolysis
c. Anaerobicmglycolysis
d. Oxidativemphosphorylation
ANS:mC
Whenmnomoxygenmismavailable,manaerobicmglycolysismoccurs.mThemelectron-
transportmchainmismpartmofmthemcitricmacidmcycle.mAerobicmglycolysisminvolvesmthempresencemofmoxygen.mOxidativ
emphosphorylationmismthemmechanismmbymwhichmthemenergymproducedmfrommcarbohydrates,mfats,mandmproteinsmis
mtransferredmtomATP.mItmismnotmpartmofmmusclemperformance.
REF:
p.m16
14. Amfacultymmembermasksmamstudentmtomidentifymthemappropriatemtermmformthemmovementmofmamsolutemfrommanm
areamofmgreatermtomlessermconcentration.mWhichmanswermindicatesmthemnursingmstudentmunderstoodmthemteachi
ng?ma.
Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticmpressure
d. Activemtransport
ANS:mB
Diffusionmismthemmovementmofmamsolutemmoleculemfrommanmareamofmgreatermsolutemconcentrationmtomanmareamofml
essermsolutemconcentrationmthroughmampermeablemmembrane.mOsmosismismthemmovementmofmwatermacrossmamsemi
permeablemmembranemfrommamregionmofmhighermwatermconcentrationmtomonemofmlowermconcentration.mHydrostati
cmpressuremismthemforcemofmfluidmagainstmamcellmmembrane.mInmactivemtransport,mmoleculesmmovemupmamconcentr
ationmgradient.
REF:mp.m19
15. Whichmdescriptionmaccuratelymdescribesmelectrolytes?
a. Smallmlipid-solublemmolecules
b. Largemproteinmmolecules
c. MicronutrientsmusedmtomproducemATP
d. Electricallymchargedmmolecules
ANS:mD
Electrolytesmaremelectricallymchargedmmolecules.mTheymaremnotmlipidmsoluble,mtheymaremnotmmademupmofmprotein,m
andmtheymdomnotmplaymamroleminmATPmproduction.
REF:mp.m18
