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NR 222 – Fundamentals of Nursing
Midterm Exam
100 Questions | Answers & Rationales
UNIT 1: Nursing Process (ADPIE)
1. Which step of the nursing process involves collecting
subjective and objective data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of ADPIE and focuses on
gathering comprehensive data about the patient.
2. A nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis because
it:
A. Identifies a disease
B. Focuses on patient responses
C. Is written by physicians
D. Requires laboratory confirmation
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Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses address human responses to
health conditions, not the disease itself.
3. Which component is required when writing a nursing
diagnosis using the PES format?
A. Prognosis
B. Etiology
C. Evaluation
D. Outcome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PES stands for Problem, Etiology, and
Signs/Symptoms.
4. Which action best represents the planning phase?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Reassessing pain
C. Setting measurable goals
D. Recording findings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planning focuses on establishing patient-centered
goals and expected outcomes.
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5. Evaluation occurs when the nurse:
A. Writes nursing diagnoses
B. Determines if goals were met
C. Collects assessment data
D. Chooses interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation determines the effectiveness of nursing
care and whether goals were achieved.
UNIT 2: Patient Safety & Error Prevention
6. Which intervention best prevents patient falls?
A. Keeping side rails up at all times
B. Ensuring call light is within reach
C. Encouraging independence only
D. Limiting patient movement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Easy access to the call light reduces unassisted
ambulation and fall risk.
7. The primary goal of patient safety initiatives is to:
A. Reduce staffing costs
B. Improve nurse efficiency
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C. Prevent patient harm
D. Increase hospital stays
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety focuses on preventing errors and
minimizing harm.
8. Which is the most appropriate action when a nurse makes a
medication error?
A. Ignore the error if no harm occurs
B. Document only if the patient complains
C. Report the error per facility policy
D. Ask another nurse to fix it
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Errors must always be reported to ensure patient
safety and system improvement.
9. What is the nurse’s responsibility when using restraints?
A. Apply without a prescription
B. Use as punishment
C. Monitor circulation and safety
D. Leave restraints unattended
NR 222 – Fundamentals of Nursing
Midterm Exam
100 Questions | Answers & Rationales
UNIT 1: Nursing Process (ADPIE)
1. Which step of the nursing process involves collecting
subjective and objective data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of ADPIE and focuses on
gathering comprehensive data about the patient.
2. A nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis because
it:
A. Identifies a disease
B. Focuses on patient responses
C. Is written by physicians
D. Requires laboratory confirmation
,2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses address human responses to
health conditions, not the disease itself.
3. Which component is required when writing a nursing
diagnosis using the PES format?
A. Prognosis
B. Etiology
C. Evaluation
D. Outcome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PES stands for Problem, Etiology, and
Signs/Symptoms.
4. Which action best represents the planning phase?
A. Collecting vital signs
B. Reassessing pain
C. Setting measurable goals
D. Recording findings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planning focuses on establishing patient-centered
goals and expected outcomes.
,3
5. Evaluation occurs when the nurse:
A. Writes nursing diagnoses
B. Determines if goals were met
C. Collects assessment data
D. Chooses interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation determines the effectiveness of nursing
care and whether goals were achieved.
UNIT 2: Patient Safety & Error Prevention
6. Which intervention best prevents patient falls?
A. Keeping side rails up at all times
B. Ensuring call light is within reach
C. Encouraging independence only
D. Limiting patient movement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Easy access to the call light reduces unassisted
ambulation and fall risk.
7. The primary goal of patient safety initiatives is to:
A. Reduce staffing costs
B. Improve nurse efficiency
, 4
C. Prevent patient harm
D. Increase hospital stays
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety focuses on preventing errors and
minimizing harm.
8. Which is the most appropriate action when a nurse makes a
medication error?
A. Ignore the error if no harm occurs
B. Document only if the patient complains
C. Report the error per facility policy
D. Ask another nurse to fix it
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Errors must always be reported to ensure patient
safety and system improvement.
9. What is the nurse’s responsibility when using restraints?
A. Apply without a prescription
B. Use as punishment
C. Monitor circulation and safety
D. Leave restraints unattended
