NTR 108 NUTRITION FUNDAMENTALS
CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Basic unit of a protein. Answer: amino acid
⩥ Amino acid structure. Answer: amine group
-always contains Nitrogen
carbon skeleton
-backbone
acid group
The r-group
⩥ The r-group (side chain). Answer: -differentiates one amino acid
from another
-determines the structure
-determines function of the amino acid
⩥ Peptide bond. Answer: 1. links together two amino acids
,2. needs to be broken during digestion
⩥ Dipeptides. Answer: two amino acids
⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Many amino acids
⩥ amino acid sequence. Answer: The structure and function of
proteins are determined by their
⩥ Where is the proteins amino acid sequence encoded?. Answer: In
the cellular DNA
⩥ RNA. Answer: DNA transcribed into
⩥ RNA. Answer: -Acts as a messenger
-carries genetic information from DNA to site of protein synthesis
⩥ Protein. Answer: RNA translated into ______ and puts the amino
acids in the correct order
⩥ Essential nutrient. Answer: Protein is a(n)...
,⩥ Essential amino acids. Answer: Cannot be made by the body
Must be included in the diet to maintain optimal protein status
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 9
⩥ Non-essential amino acids. Answer: The body can make them from
other substances in the diet
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 11
⩥ Functions of proteins. Answer: 1. Structural
2. Growth
3. Maintenance and repair of body tissues
4. Energy
, 5. Hormone production
6. Blood proteins
7. Enzymes
8. Immune function
⩥ Hormone production includes. Answer: Insulin
Glucagon
CCK
Secretin
⩥ Blood proteins. Answer: a. Regulation of fluid balance (Prevents
edema - swelling of the tissues)
b. Maintenance of acid-base balance
c. Involved in blood clotting - Fibrin
d. Delivery of oxygen to tissues
e. Transport proteins
⩥ Enzymes. Answer: Speed up and control chemical reactions
CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Basic unit of a protein. Answer: amino acid
⩥ Amino acid structure. Answer: amine group
-always contains Nitrogen
carbon skeleton
-backbone
acid group
The r-group
⩥ The r-group (side chain). Answer: -differentiates one amino acid
from another
-determines the structure
-determines function of the amino acid
⩥ Peptide bond. Answer: 1. links together two amino acids
,2. needs to be broken during digestion
⩥ Dipeptides. Answer: two amino acids
⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Many amino acids
⩥ amino acid sequence. Answer: The structure and function of
proteins are determined by their
⩥ Where is the proteins amino acid sequence encoded?. Answer: In
the cellular DNA
⩥ RNA. Answer: DNA transcribed into
⩥ RNA. Answer: -Acts as a messenger
-carries genetic information from DNA to site of protein synthesis
⩥ Protein. Answer: RNA translated into ______ and puts the amino
acids in the correct order
⩥ Essential nutrient. Answer: Protein is a(n)...
,⩥ Essential amino acids. Answer: Cannot be made by the body
Must be included in the diet to maintain optimal protein status
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 9
⩥ Non-essential amino acids. Answer: The body can make them from
other substances in the diet
Provide a source of nitrogen for other compounds
Can be used as an energy source
There are 11
⩥ Functions of proteins. Answer: 1. Structural
2. Growth
3. Maintenance and repair of body tissues
4. Energy
, 5. Hormone production
6. Blood proteins
7. Enzymes
8. Immune function
⩥ Hormone production includes. Answer: Insulin
Glucagon
CCK
Secretin
⩥ Blood proteins. Answer: a. Regulation of fluid balance (Prevents
edema - swelling of the tissues)
b. Maintenance of acid-base balance
c. Involved in blood clotting - Fibrin
d. Delivery of oxygen to tissues
e. Transport proteins
⩥ Enzymes. Answer: Speed up and control chemical reactions
