NTR 108 INTRODUCTORY NUTRITION
FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Structure of proteins. Answer: Long chain of amino acids that
contain an amine group (Nitrogen group), carbon skeleton and acid
group
⩥ How many amino acids are there? (Essential? Non-Essential?).
Answer: 20 in total
Essential- 9
Non-essential- 11
⩥ What differentiates one protein from another that each protein has
its own of?. Answer: R-group
⩥ What does the R-group signify?. Answer: Each R-group determines
the function of the protein
⩥ Peptide Bond. Answer: Bond that links 2 amino acids
Broken during digestion
⩥ Dipeptide. Answer: two amino acids
,⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Many amino acids (most our food contains
this)
⩥ What determines the structure and function of polypeptide?.
Answer: Specific amino acid sequence
⩥ What is an example of a specific amino acid sequence?. Answer:
Insulin- made from 51 amino acids
⩥ What does the body need to make the proteins' sequence and from
where?. Answer: The body needs a blueprint for the protein which
comes from our DNA that is transported by mRNA from the nucleus.
⩥ Structural Description of Proteins. Answer: Proteins are complex in
that they have a # of amino acids that may bend and twist with
another amino acid
⩥ Is protein an essential nutrient?. Answer: Yes, protein is an
essential nutrient.
⩥ Where does the body get the Nitrogen to make non-essential amino
acids?. Answer: Takes the Nitrogen from essential amino acids and
makes NEAA, which can be used as energy.
, ⩥ NEAA. Answer: Made from EAA and can also be used as energy.
⩥ Functions of Proteins (Structurally). Answer: Structurally it helps
in the making of hair, skin, especially muscle
⩥ Function of Protein (Growth)***. Answer: Growth*** anyone who
is going through a growing phase (infant, teenager going through
puberty, pregnancy) will need a lot of protein
⩥ Function of Protein (Tissue). Answer: Maintenance and repair of
body tissues (a cut has to heal and healing requires a protein called
fibrin that clots the area)
⩥ Function of Protein (Energy). Answer: 4kcals/g
Minor role*** because that is the main role of carbs and fats (10%
proteins, 90% fats/carbs)
⩥ Function of Proteins (Hormones). Answer: Regulation of fluid
balance (edema)- protein brings back the fluid into the blood
Helps with blood clotting (fibrin)
Transports protein, like lipoproteins***
^ If we didn't have this protein we wouldn't be able to move fat
around the body
⩥ Function of Proteins (Enzymes). Answer: Help in digestion mainly
FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Structure of proteins. Answer: Long chain of amino acids that
contain an amine group (Nitrogen group), carbon skeleton and acid
group
⩥ How many amino acids are there? (Essential? Non-Essential?).
Answer: 20 in total
Essential- 9
Non-essential- 11
⩥ What differentiates one protein from another that each protein has
its own of?. Answer: R-group
⩥ What does the R-group signify?. Answer: Each R-group determines
the function of the protein
⩥ Peptide Bond. Answer: Bond that links 2 amino acids
Broken during digestion
⩥ Dipeptide. Answer: two amino acids
,⩥ Polypeptide. Answer: Many amino acids (most our food contains
this)
⩥ What determines the structure and function of polypeptide?.
Answer: Specific amino acid sequence
⩥ What is an example of a specific amino acid sequence?. Answer:
Insulin- made from 51 amino acids
⩥ What does the body need to make the proteins' sequence and from
where?. Answer: The body needs a blueprint for the protein which
comes from our DNA that is transported by mRNA from the nucleus.
⩥ Structural Description of Proteins. Answer: Proteins are complex in
that they have a # of amino acids that may bend and twist with
another amino acid
⩥ Is protein an essential nutrient?. Answer: Yes, protein is an
essential nutrient.
⩥ Where does the body get the Nitrogen to make non-essential amino
acids?. Answer: Takes the Nitrogen from essential amino acids and
makes NEAA, which can be used as energy.
, ⩥ NEAA. Answer: Made from EAA and can also be used as energy.
⩥ Functions of Proteins (Structurally). Answer: Structurally it helps
in the making of hair, skin, especially muscle
⩥ Function of Protein (Growth)***. Answer: Growth*** anyone who
is going through a growing phase (infant, teenager going through
puberty, pregnancy) will need a lot of protein
⩥ Function of Protein (Tissue). Answer: Maintenance and repair of
body tissues (a cut has to heal and healing requires a protein called
fibrin that clots the area)
⩥ Function of Protein (Energy). Answer: 4kcals/g
Minor role*** because that is the main role of carbs and fats (10%
proteins, 90% fats/carbs)
⩥ Function of Proteins (Hormones). Answer: Regulation of fluid
balance (edema)- protein brings back the fluid into the blood
Helps with blood clotting (fibrin)
Transports protein, like lipoproteins***
^ If we didn't have this protein we wouldn't be able to move fat
around the body
⩥ Function of Proteins (Enzymes). Answer: Help in digestion mainly
