COMPLETE TEST BANK
Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition by Kelly Power-
Kean RN, BN, MHS, NP, Stephanie Zettel BN, B.Sc, MN, Mohamed Toufic El-Hussein RN, PhD,
NP, Sue E. Huether MS, PhD, Kathryn L. McCance MS, PhD (2022) ||LATEST EDITION
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .............................................................. 5
Unit 1: The Cell .................................................................................... 5
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology........................................................................................................ 5
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................. 19
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ........................................................................................ 34
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ....................................................................... 40
Chapter 05: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ............................................................... 58
Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense ............................................................................................. 72
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ........................................... 72
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................ 90
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence............................................... 100
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease ............................................................................................... 116
Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer ............................................. 123
Chapter 10: Biology of Cancer ................................................................................................ 123
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology........................................................................................... 133
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children and Adolescents ................................................................... 139
PART TWO: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES ................................................................................ 144
Unit 4: The Neurologic System ....................................................... 144
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Neurological System ........................................... 144
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function ............................................... 161
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
................................................................................................................................................. 179
Chapter 16: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular
Junction ................................................................................................................................... 195
Chapter 17: Developmental Alterations of Neurological Function ......................................... 213
Unit 5: The Endocrine System ........................................................ 225
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................. 225
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................... 239
, Unit 6: The Hematologic System .................................................... 259
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematological System ........................................ 259
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematological Function ............................................................... 270
Chapter 22: Developmental Alterations of Hematological Function ...................................... 295
Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ..................... 307
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .............. 307
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................... 324
Chapter 25: Developmental Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ..................................... 354
Unit 8: The Pulmonary System ....................................................... 364
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System .............................................. 364
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ..................................................................... 377
Chapter 28: Developmental Alterations of Pulmonary Function............................................ 397
Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems ....................................... 408
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems ............................. 408
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ................................................. 420
Chapter 31: Developmental Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ....................... 431
Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems ............................................... 440
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ........................................ 440
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................. 454
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System .................................................... 462
Unit 11: The Digestive System ....................................................... 469
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................. 469
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................ 481
Chapter 37: Developmental Alterations of Digestive Function .............................................. 501
Unit 12: The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems ......... 513
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ..................................... 513
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................. 526
Chapter 40: Developmental Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ................................... 541
,Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument ....................................... 549
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children .......................................................... 564
Chapter 43. Co-morbidity and Multi-morbidities ................................................................... 572
,PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unit 1: The Cell
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student notices it to have
supercoiled DNA with histones. What else would the student be expected to observe?
A. A single circular chromosome
B. A nucleus
C. Free-floating nuclear material
D. No organelles
CORRECT ANSWER: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular
chromosome and lacks organelles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to
energy?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Communication
C. Secretion
D. Respiration
CORRECT ANSWER: D
, The cell’s ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication involves maintenance of a
steady dynamic state, while metabolic absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion
allows for the delivery or release of new substances.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Functions TOP: Physiological Integrity
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
A. Peroxisomes
B. Ribosomes
C. The nucleolus
D. Suspended in nucleoplasm
CORRECT ANSWER: D
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, is the nucleoplasm contained within the
nucleus. The nucleolus, contained within the nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes.
Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving
the layer itself?
A. Peripheral membrane proteins
B. Integral membrane proteins
C. Glycoproteins
D. Cell adhesion molecules
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoproteins act as
cell identifiers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Composition TOP: Physiological Integrity
Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition by Kelly Power-
Kean RN, BN, MHS, NP, Stephanie Zettel BN, B.Sc, MN, Mohamed Toufic El-Hussein RN, PhD,
NP, Sue E. Huether MS, PhD, Kathryn L. McCance MS, PhD (2022) ||LATEST EDITION
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .............................................................. 5
Unit 1: The Cell .................................................................................... 5
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology........................................................................................................ 5
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................. 19
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ........................................................................................ 34
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ....................................................................... 40
Chapter 05: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ............................................................... 58
Unit 2: Mechanisms of Self-Defense ............................................................................................. 72
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ........................................... 72
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................ 90
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence............................................... 100
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease ............................................................................................... 116
Unit 3: Cellular Proliferation: Cancer ............................................. 123
Chapter 10: Biology of Cancer ................................................................................................ 123
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology........................................................................................... 133
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children and Adolescents ................................................................... 139
PART TWO: BODY SYSTEMS AND DISEASES ................................................................................ 144
Unit 4: The Neurologic System ....................................................... 144
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Neurological System ........................................... 144
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function ............................................... 161
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
................................................................................................................................................. 179
Chapter 16: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular
Junction ................................................................................................................................... 195
Chapter 17: Developmental Alterations of Neurological Function ......................................... 213
Unit 5: The Endocrine System ........................................................ 225
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................. 225
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ................................................................... 239
, Unit 6: The Hematologic System .................................................... 259
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematological System ........................................ 259
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematological Function ............................................................... 270
Chapter 22: Developmental Alterations of Hematological Function ...................................... 295
Unit 7: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ..................... 307
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems .............. 307
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................... 324
Chapter 25: Developmental Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ..................................... 354
Unit 8: The Pulmonary System ....................................................... 364
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System .............................................. 364
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ..................................................................... 377
Chapter 28: Developmental Alterations of Pulmonary Function............................................ 397
Unit 9: The Renal and Urologic Systems ....................................... 408
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems ............................. 408
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ................................................. 420
Chapter 31: Developmental Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ....................... 431
Unit 10: The Reproductive Systems ............................................... 440
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems ........................................ 440
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System ................................................. 454
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System .................................................... 462
Unit 11: The Digestive System ....................................................... 469
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System ................................................. 469
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ........................................................................ 481
Chapter 37: Developmental Alterations of Digestive Function .............................................. 501
Unit 12: The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems ......... 513
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ..................................... 513
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function............................................................. 526
Chapter 40: Developmental Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ................................... 541
,Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument ....................................... 549
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children .......................................................... 564
Chapter 43. Co-morbidity and Multi-morbidities ................................................................... 572
,PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unit 1: The Cell
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student notices it to have
supercoiled DNA with histones. What else would the student be expected to observe?
A. A single circular chromosome
B. A nucleus
C. Free-floating nuclear material
D. No organelles
CORRECT ANSWER: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular
chromosome and lacks organelles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the
nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to
energy?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Communication
C. Secretion
D. Respiration
CORRECT ANSWER: D
, The cell’s ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication involves maintenance of a
steady dynamic state, while metabolic absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion
allows for the delivery or release of new substances.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Cellular Functions TOP: Physiological Integrity
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
A. Peroxisomes
B. Ribosomes
C. The nucleolus
D. Suspended in nucleoplasm
CORRECT ANSWER: D
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, is the nucleoplasm contained within the
nucleus. The nucleolus, contained within the nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes.
Peroxisomes contain digestive enzymes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Nucleus TOP: Physiological Integrity
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving
the layer itself?
A. Peripheral membrane proteins
B. Integral membrane proteins
C. Glycoproteins
D. Cell adhesion molecules
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoproteins act as
cell identifiers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: Membrane Composition TOP: Physiological Integrity
